欢迎访问《文艺理论研究》,

文艺理论研究

• 西方文论研究 • 上一篇    

对生命的否定:重估叔本华对早期尼采艺术形而上学的影响

吕东   

  1. 华东师范大学中文系
  • 出版日期:2018-03-25 发布日期:2018-10-19
  • 作者简介:吕东,华东师范大学中文系在读博士生,文艺学专业,研究方向为西方文论与文艺美学。

Negation of Life: Reassessing Schopenhauer's Influence on Early Nietzsche's Metaphysics of Art

Lü Dong   

  1. the Department of Chinese Language and Literature, East China Normal University
  • Online:2018-03-25 Published:2018-10-19
  • About author:Lü Dong is a Ph.D. student at the Department of Chinese Language and Literature, East China Normal University (Shanghai 200241, China). His research interests cover western literary theory and aesthetics.

摘要: 本文旨在揭示叔本华的美学思想对早期尼采的艺术形而上学的巨大影响。首先在艺术类型论方面,早期尼采使用日神艺术∕酒神艺术的框架对艺术类型进行了二元划分,这样的二元划分是直接挪用叔本华的艺术二分法的成果,作为理念摹本的一般艺术转变成为日神艺术,表出意志的音乐转变成为酒神艺术。其次在审美经验论方面,早期尼采的悲剧概念是由三重世界构成的,尼采关于悲剧的三重世界说直接吸收了叔本华对于审美经验的理论成果。最后在关于悲观主义的核心问题上,早期尼采为此在之悲剧性真理给出了两条解决之道: 即日神式的和酒神式的解决之道,但这两条解决之道归根结底是否定个体生命的,是悲观主义的。早期尼采仍旧是叔本华式的悲观主义者。

关键词: 叔本华, 早期尼采, 艺术类型, 审美经验, 悲观主义

Abstract: This article aims to reveal the great influence of Schopenhauer's aesthetic thought on early Nietzsche's metaphysics of art. Firstly, in terms of typology of art, early Nietzsche uses the framework of the Apollonian art/Dionysian art for the binary division of artistic types. Such binary division is the result of direct appropriation of Schopenhauer's artistic dichotomy. The general art which is the facsimile of the idea changes into Apollonian art, and music which is the facsimile of the will changes into Dionysian art. Secondly, in terms of the theory of aesthetic experience, early Nietzsche's concept of tragedy is composed of the triple world which directly absorbs the theoretical achievements of Schopenhauer's aesthetic experience. Finally, regarding the core issue of pessimism, early Nietzsche gives two solutions to the tragic truth of existence: the Apollonian solution and the Dionysian solution, but the two solutions ultimately deny individual life and are pessimistic. Early Nietzsche is still a Schopenhauerian pessimist.

Key words: Schopenhauer, early Nietzsche, artistic type, aesthetic experience, pessimism