概念嬗变与风景视角:中西比较视域中的“散点透视”新论

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 散点透视是对国画空间特征的当代总结,在中国影响极大。本文详尽考证了“透视”和“散点”等相关语汇,发掘了散点透视在发生学意义上的概念源流。散点透视并不具备光学或几何学意义上的科学基底,而是组合两个矛盾的西式概念去直呈国画的构图经验,学理上与中国传统的“三远”“以大观小”“游观”等概念具有一定的相通性。中西方绘画视角的实质差异并不在于“散点透视”与“焦点透视”的显性对比,而在于双方对相似的非透视风景采取的不同审美态度,及其所导致的绘画细节的差异之中。将“散点透视”放在更广阔的艺术史图景中进行反思与定位,是进一步促进中西交流、凸显中国绘画独特美学追求的有效手段。

关键词: 散点透视, 中西比较, 地图式风景画, 审美态度

Abstract: Scattered perspective is a modern conceptualization of the spatial features of traditional Chinese painting that has had a significant impact in China. This essay investigates relevant concepts such as “perspective” and “scattered point” to delve into the evolutionary origins of the “scattered-point perspective.” Scattered perspective does not particularly involve a scientific foundation in terms of optics or geometry. Rather, it integrates two contradictory Western concepts to represent the compositional experience of Chinese painting, which is theoretically akin to the traditional Chinese concepts of “San Yuan,” “Small by Near and Big in the Distance,” and “You Guan.” The fundamental disparity between the Chinese and Western painting perspectives lies not in the explicit comparison between “scattered perspective” and “focal perspective.” Instead, their distinction is rooted in the respective aesthetic attitudes towards comparable non-perspective landscapes as well as the resulting disparities in the details of their paintings. A careful examination of the “scattered perspective” within the broader context of art history is a useful tool for fostering Sino-West dialogue and showcasing the distinctive aesthetic pursuit of Chinese painting.

Key words: scattered perspective, Sino-West comparison, map-like topographic landscape painting, aesthetic attitude

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Li Sen. Conceptual Transmutation and Landscape Perspective: A New Interpretation of “Scattered Perspective” in Comparative Visions of the East and the West[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2023, 43(6): 138-150.

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概念嬗变与风景视角:中西比较视域中的“散点透视”新论

Conceptual Transmutation and Landscape Perspective: A New Interpretation of “Scattered Perspective” in Comparative Visions of the East and the West

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