中国的“乡土文学”因其现代意识而与世界文学时刻处在互动之中，也与中国文化、社会、历史深具精神关联，是感知现代中国文学之中国-世界、传统-现代丰富性的最好入口，也是研究现当代中国本土文学一个极佳的样本，提供给我们以中国文学在本土-民族-世界的维度中如何继承开拓的可贵经验，是探究当代“中国问题”的一个有效维度。目前已有的研究，大多局限于“乡土文学”的内部研究，忽略了“乡土文学”早期的理论建构特点及这一概念产生的社会土壤、历史语境和文化动因。本文从社会学、历史学、以及地域文化等角度综合考察“乡土文学”的缘起及其为何被命名为“乡土文学”，探讨“乡土文学”发展中的“中国经验”，在“乡土文学”的发展与流变中窥探其与中国文学乃至世界文学的丰富联系。

Chinese "native-soil literature" has constantly been interacting with world literature due to its modern consciousness. Due to a deep spiritual connection with Chinese culture, society and history, it is the best entrance to perceiving the rich connotation in modern Chinese literature with regard to the issues of China and world, tradition and modernity. It is an excellent sample for studying modern and contemporary Chinese indigenous literature, which provides us with valuable experience about how to inherit and develop Chinese literature in the dimension of indigenousness, nation, and the world. It is also an effective dimension to explore contemporary "Chinese problems". By far, most existing studies are limited to the internal study of "native-soil literature", ignoring the characteristics in its early theoretical construction as well as the social environment, historical context and cultural motivation, which all contributed to the occurrence of the concept "native-soil literature". This article examines the origin of "native-soil literature" from the perspectives of sociology, history and regional culture, to explore the reason why it is named "native-soil literature". It also investigates the "Chinese experience" in the development of "native-soil literature", and its rich connection with Chinese literature and world literature in the process of evolvement.