不同于一般认知,萨义德与宗教渊源颇深,如果不厘清宗教之于他的重要意义,我们可能永远无法描摹出萨义德的全貌。在萨义德笔下,宗教有两个维度:其一是伊斯兰教、基督教、犹太教等具体宗教,包括他的宗教身份、宗教经验以及成长的宗教环境;其二是文化、民族、国家等隐喻性“宗教”,一种世俗化了的宗教。萨义德对前者更宽容,对后者则因其总是充当化约性的区分标准,指认特定的“我们”而将他者排除在外,他的负面态度不言而喻。这当中,萨义德与“伊斯兰教”羁绊最深,当西方媒体和所谓专家习惯于将“伊斯兰教”还原成巨大的同质实体时,他不遗余力地揭露这看似客观中立之再现背后的意识形态和权力争持。以“报道伊斯兰”或是“遮蔽伊斯兰”为契机,他在召唤知识分子批评家的批评意识,即那种对于权力格格不入的疏离和毫不妥协的严厉。
Abstract
Deeply involved in religion, Edward Said's intellectual image may not be depicted fully if the significance of religion to him remains unclarified. Religion has two dimensions in Said's writings: one refers to specific religions such as Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, which concern his religious identity, religious experience and the religious environment in which he grew up; the other is the metaphorical “religion” of culture, nation and state, or a secularized religion. Said is more tolerant of the former, but more critical of the latter because it always acts as a reductive measurement of differentiation that identifies a particular “we” by excluding the Other. Said has the deepest connection, among various others, with “Islam.” When Western media and the so-called experts regularly reduce “Islam” to a huge homogeneous entity, he endeavors to uncover the ideology and power struggle underlying such representation that seems objective and neutral. By criticizing “covering Islam,” he appeals to the critical consciousness of intellectuals, which Julian Benda refers to as the trabison des clercs, that is, an alienated and uncompromising severity.
关键词
萨义德 /
宗教 /
文化 /
伊斯兰 /
批评意识
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Key words
Edward W. Said /
religion /
culture /
Islam /
critical consciousness
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参考文献
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脚注
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基金
本文系国家社科基金重大项目“社会主义文学经验与改革开放时代的中国文学研究”(项目编号:19ZDA277)的阶段性成果。
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