白居易将自己的诗歌分为讽谕诗、闲适诗、感伤诗和杂律诗四类。这一分类法具有重要的诗学史意义。它是对唐前诗学传统的总结,包括《诗经》的言志传统、屈骚以来的感伤传统、陶渊明所代表的适性传统,以及以梁陈为典型的才丽传统。与同时代人相比,这一分类法最具创造性的地方在于提出闲适诗类,凸显了长期被诗论所忽略的适性诗传统。闲适诗类的提出孕育于特定的思想与诗学背景。白居易的分类有助于反思中国古典情志诗学。它表明,在“诗言志”与“诗缘情”之外,还存在其他情志类型,以及不重情志抒写的诗学类别。探究白居易诗歌分类法能深化对中国诗学传统及其嬗变的理解。
Abstract
Bai Juyi (772846) classified his poems into four categories: allegorical, carefree, sentimental, and miscellaneous regulated verses. This classification is of great significance in the history of Chinese poetics as it encapsulated the poetic traditions preceding the Tang Dynasty. These include the aspiration-expressing tradition of The Book of Songs, the sentimental tradition that began with the Songs of Chu, the nature-fitting tradition represented by Tao Yuanming, and the ornate style of the Liang and Chen Dynasties. Compared to his contemporaries, Bai's classification was innovative, particularly through his introduction of “carefree poetry.” This highlighted the long-neglected nature-fitting tradition in poetics. The creation of this category was shaped by the cultural and poetic context of his time. Bai Juyi's classification also invites reflection on classical Chinese affection-expressing poetics, suggesting that, beyond the aspiration-expressing and emotion-expressing types, there exists another poetic type of affection-expressing and a non-affection-expressing poetic type. Analyzing Bai Juyi's classification deepens our understanding of the traditions and evolutions of classical Chinese poetics.
关键词
白居易 /
诗歌分类 /
闲适诗 /
情志诗学
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
Bai Juyi /
poetic classification /
carefree poetry /
affection-expressing poetics
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
白居易:《白居易诗集校注》,谢思炜校注。北京:中华书局,2006年。
[Bai, Juyi. Annotations to Collected Poems of Bai Juyi. Ed. Xie Siwei. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2006.]
——:《白居易文集校注》,谢思炜校注。北京:中华书局,2011年。
[-—. Annotations to Collected Prose of Bai Juyi. Ed. Xie Siwei. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2011.]
陈子昂:《陈子昂集》,徐鹏校点。北京:中华书局,1960年。
[Chen, Zi'ang. Collected Works of Chen Zi'ang. Ed. Xu Peng. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1960.]
董诰等编:《全唐文》。北京:中华书局,1983年。
[Dong, Gao, et al., eds. The Complete Prose of the Tang Dynasty. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1983.]
杜甫:《杜诗详注》,仇兆鳌注。北京:中华书局,1979年。
[Du, Fu. Comprehensive Annotations to Du Fu's Poems. Ed. Qiu Zhao'ao, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1979.]
葛洪:《抱朴子内篇校释》(第2版),王明校释。北京:中华书局,1985年。
[Ge, Hong. Interpretations and Annotations to Baopuzi Inner Chapters. Ed. Wang Ming. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1985.]
葛晓音:《山水田园诗派研究》。沈阳:辽宁大学出版社,1997年。
[Ge, Xiaoyin. Studies of the Landscape and Pastoral Poetry Schools. Shenyang: Liaoning University Press, 1997.]
郭庆藩:《庄子集释》。北京:中华书局,1985年。
[Guo, Qingfan. The Variorum Edition of Chuang Tzu. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1985.]
韩愈:《韩愈文集汇校笺注》,刘真伦、岳珍校注。北京:中华书局,2010年。
[Han, Yu. Collected Works of Han Yu with Annotations. Eds. Liu Zhenlun and Yue Zhen. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2010.]
纪昀:《纪晓岚文集》,孙致中等校点。石家庄:河北教育出版社,1991年。
[Ji, Yun. Collected Works of Ji Xiaolan. Eds. Sun Zhizhong, et al. Shijiazhuang: Hebei Education Press, 1991.]
李白:《李太白全集》,王琦注。北京:中华书局,1977年。
[Li, Bai. Complete Works of Li Taibai. Ed. Wang Qi. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1977.]
刘勰:《文心雕龙注》,范文澜注。北京:人民文学出社,1958年。
[Liu, Xie. Annotated Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. Ed. Fan Wenlan. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 1958.]
柳宗元:《柳宗元集》。北京:中华书局,1979年。
[Liu, Zongyuan. Collected Works of Liu Zongyuan. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1979.]
逯钦立辑校:《先秦汉魏晋南北朝诗》。北京:中华书局,1983年。
[Lu, Qinli ed. Poetry of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1983.]
阮元校勘:《毛诗正义》。台北:艺文印书馆,2001年。
[Ruan, Yuan, ed. An Interpretation of Mao's Edition ofThe Book of Songs. Taipei: Yee Wen Publishing Company, 2001.]
沈德潜:《沈德潜诗文集》,潘务正、李言校点。北京:人民文学出版社,2011年。
[Shen, Deqian. Collected Works of Shen Deqian. Eds. Pan Wuzheng and Li Yan. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 2011.]
沈约:《宋书》。北京:中华书局,1974年。
[Shen, Yue. The Book of Song. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1974.]
司马迁:《史记》(第2版),裴骃集解,司马贞索隐,张守节正义。北京:中华书局,1982年。
[Sima, Qian. Records of the Grand Historian. Eds. Pei Yin, et al. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1982.]
陶渊明:《陶渊明集笺注》,袁行霈笺注。北京:中华书局,2003年。
[Tao, Yuanming. Annotations to Collected Works of Tao Yuanming. Ed. Yuan Xingpei. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2003.]
谢灵运:《谢灵运集校注》,顾绍柏校注。郑州:中州古籍出版社,1987年。
[Xie, Lingyun. Annotated Collected Works of Xie Lingyun. Ed. Gu Shaobai. Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987.]
严可均编:《全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文》。北京:中华书局,1958年。
[Yan, Kejun, ed. Collected Essays from Antiquity to the Six Dynasties. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1958.]
元稹:《元稹集》(第2版),冀勤点校。北京:中华书局,2010年。
[Yuan, Zhen. Collected Works of Yuan Zhen. Ed. Ji Qin. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2010.]
钟嵘:《诗品集注》(增订本),曹旭集注。上海:上海古籍出版社,2011年。
[Zhong, Rong. The Variorum Edition of The Critique of Poetry. Ed. Cao Xu. Shanghai: Shanghai Chinese Classics Publishing House, 2011.]
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
PDF(725 KB)
({{custom_author.role_cn}}), {{javascript:window.custom_author_cn_index++;}}
