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文艺理论研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (6): 82-90.

• 专题:现代文学与文论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

从“重写鲁迅”到“弑父”——对美国华人学者鲁迅批评的历史考察与反思

李石   

  • 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-12-18
  • 作者简介:李石,文学博士,深圳大学美学与文艺批评研究院助理教授,主要从事海外汉学、批评理论与文化研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金青年项目“美国华人学者中国现代文学研究的批评伦理反思”[项目编号:22CZW002]阶段性成果。

From “Rewriting Lu Xun” to “Patricide”: Historical Investigation into and Reflection on Chinese American Scholars' Criticisms of Lu Xun

Li Shi   

  • Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-18
  • About author:Li Shi, Ph.D., is an assistant professor at the Institute of Aesthetics and Literary Criticism, Shenzhen University. His research interests include overseas Chinese studies, critical theory and cultural studies.
  • Supported by:
    Youth Project of National Social Sciences Fund.

摘要: 20世纪60年代以来,美国华人学者的鲁迅批评经历了审美批评、传记批评到解构批评的范式变化,与美国文学批评的发展形成了同构关系。尤其是90年代以来,在后现代/后殖民思潮影响下,美国华人学者的鲁迅批评呈现出一种理论化趋势,对源头、总体性的批判性审视,使其普遍表现出极端的“弑父”倾向。在批评策略上,他们将“中国现代文学之父”鲁迅视为国族主义的象征符号,并以怀疑主义的态度不断解构鲁迅的作者意图,从而颠倒了作家与批评家之间的权力关系。事实上,全球化的理论扩张尽管不断推动美国华人学者鲁迅批评的理论化和多元化,但也导致批评权力的独断,以及过度阐释、理论同质化、忽视文学事实等弊端,需要从认识论层面对之进行批判性反思。

关键词: 美国文学批评, 海外中国现代文学研究, 鲁迅, 解构主义批评

Abstract: Since the 1960s, Chinese American scholars' criticisms of Lu Xun have experienced a paradigm shift from aesthetic criticism and biographical criticism to deconstructive criticism, forming a homogeneous relationship with the development of American literary criticism. Especially from the 1990s onwards, under the influence of postmodernism and postcolonialism, Chinese American scholars have critically revisited the issue of “origin” and “totality”, which registers a general tendency of radical “patricide”. They strategically consider Lu Xun, “father of modern Chinese literature”, as a symbol of nationalism, and deconstruct Lu Xun's authorial intention with a skeptical stance, consequently reversing the power relations between writers and critics. Although the theoretical expansion of globalization continues to promote the theorization and diversification of Chinese American scholars' criticisms of Lu Xun, it also threatens to lead to the arbitrariness of critical power and other disadvantages such as overinterpretation, theoretical homogeneity and neglect of literary facts, which require critical reflection on the epistemological level.

Key words: American literary criticism, overseas studies of modern Chinese literature, Lu Xun, deconstructive criticism