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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 1-9.

• 专题：叙事理论研究 •    下一篇

虚构研究“理论转向”与当代西方虚构性研究趋势

  

  1. 南京市栖霞区仙林大道163号南京大学外国语学院
  • 出版日期:2023-09-21 发布日期:2023-09-21
  • 基金资助:
    本文为国家社科基金一般项目“当代法国诗学研究”［项目编号：17BWW011］的阶段性成果。

The “Theoretical Turn” of Fictionality Studies and the Trend of Contemporary Western Research on Fictionality

  1.  School of Foreign Studies， Nanjing University， 163 Xianlin Avenue， Nanjing 210023， Jiangsu Province， China.
  • Online:2023-09-21 Published:2023-09-21
  • Supported by:
    This article is supported by the General Project of the National Social Sciences Fund （17BWW011）.

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摘要： 20世纪80年代以来，西方学者开始集中关注虚构问题，涌现了以帕维尔、沃尔顿、热奈特、瑞安、多勒泽尔、科恩、舍费尔等学者的著作为代表的研究成果，从不同理论与方法展开对虚构的思考。成果大致可分为内部研究、外部研究以及内外结合的研究三类，其中内部研究包括本体论、形式主义等途径，外部研究包括语用学、认知科学等途径。这些研究塑造了今日西方虚构性研究的特征与趋势，例如结合跨媒介视角以考察多元的虚构实践，结合内外途径以全面认识虚构，结合跨文化与历史视角以呈现虚构观念的多样性与历史性。当代西方虚构性研究归根到底旨在更好地理解虚构文化与社会的关系，从而更好地发挥虚构的人类学价值。

关键词: 虚构性； , “理论转向”； , 本体论； , 形式主义； , 语用学； , 认知科学

Abstract: Since the 1980s， the question of fictionality has been a major focus of Western scholarship. A variety of theoretical and methodological approaches have emerged， among which the most representative are the works of Thomas Pavel， Kendall Walton，  Genette， Marie-Laure Ryan， Lubomír Dolezel， Dorrit Cohn， and Jean-Marie Schaeffer. Studies of fictionality can be divided into three categories： studies of the internal such as ontological and formalist methods， studies of the external such as those adopting the perspectives of pragmatics and cognitive science， and research that combines these two approaches. These studies have shaped the primary orientations and tendencies in the study of fictionality in the West， namely， the transmedia perspective， the synthetic approach that integrates the internal and external methods， and intercultural and historical perspectives that aim to capture the cultural diversity and historicity of the concept. In general， contemporary Western research on fictionality seeks to better understand the varied relationships between cultures of fiction and their corresponding societies， and to reinforce fiction's role in an anthropological sense.

Key words: fictionality; , “theoretical turn”; , ontology; , formalism; , pragmatics; , cognitive science