从历史与叙事的关系角度来看，加缪的《鼠疫》通过创造一种“作为历史见证的文学”，体现了历史与叙事之关系的深刻转变：历史必然包含文学（叙事）。文学见证大屠杀不只是为了记录，而且是为了从新的视野理解大屠杀，实现对历史的转化，亦即改变历史知识的性质。《鼠疫》采取寓言的形式书写历史，在鼠疫与大屠杀这两个超出了原先历史理解框架的“不可能”而又确实发生了的事件之间，建立了深刻的隐喻关联。正是在原有的历史概念和历史书写模式的失败处，《鼠疫》以文学的见证方式见证了“作为大屠杀的历史”。

Albert Camus’s The Plague establishes a mode of “literature as historical testimony” and demonstrates a profound shift in the relationship between history and narrative, and it implies that literature (narrative) is inevitably embedded in history. Literature as a testimony to the Holocaust does not record the Holocaust but also offers a new perspective to understand it. This actualizes the transformation of history as it changes the nature of historical knowledge. The history in The Plague is written in the mode of an allegory, and it establishes a profound metaphorical relation between the plague and the Holocaust. As both the plague and the Holocaust are beyond the original cognitive framework of history, The Plague, as literary testimony, witnesses the history of the Holocaust where prior historical concepts and the mode of historical writing failed.