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文艺理论研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 165-176.

• 专题:后人类研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

后人类主义、主体性重构与技术政治——人与技术关系的再叙事

林秀琴   

  1. 福建社会科学院
  • 出版日期:2020-07-25 发布日期:2020-07-30
  • 作者简介:林秀琴,文学博士,福建社会科学院副研究员,主要从事当代文学批评和文艺理论研究。

Post-humanism, Reconstruction of Subjectivity, and Politics of Technology: A New Narrative of the Relationship between Man and Technology

Lin Xiuqin   

  1. Fujian Academy of Social Sciences
  • Online:2020-07-25 Published:2020-07-30
  • About author:Lin Xiuqin, Ph. D., is an associate researcher at the Fujian Academy of Social Sciences. Her research interests include contemporary literary criticism and literary theory.

摘要: 主体性是观察人与技术关系的重要视角,从技术工具论、本体论到技术主体论,人与技术的关系处于不断的重写状态。后人类主义建基于技术主体性构想,通过以赛博格为表征的后人类主体形象重新激活主体概念,以此突进文化政治批判的理论空间。技术创生的新型主体及其实践创新了身份、认同、价值等意义生产机制,为解构传统人文主义隐含的种种霸权体制提供了强大动能。但与此同时,由于后人类主义将赛博格主体进行概念化、能指化、话语化,从而使其最终演变为对技术神话的复写。后人类主义的局限突出地表现在“去具身性”理论预设的失焦、对技术本体异化叙事的消解和技术政治实践批判维度的缺失等方面,上述局限导致了后人类主体观批判功能的弱化及消解。后人类主义需要 重返实践领域,对技术主体性和人类主体性的关系进行历史化和结构性的观察,从而建立一种辩证的后人类主体理论,方能有效推进“重写现代性”中基于人与技术关系想象的历史课题。

关键词: 主体性, 后人类, 赛博格, 技术政治

Abstract: Subjectivity is an important perspective to observe the relationship between man and technology. From instrumentalism to ontology and subjectivism of technology, this relationship is being constantly rewritten. Based on the concept of technological subjectivity, post-humanism re-activates the concept of subject with the post-human subject image represented by cyborg, in order to break into the theoretical space of cultural and political criticism. The new subject created by technology and its practice innovate the production mechanism of meaning, such as identity, recognition, and value, providing a powerful momentum for deconstructing the various hegemonic systems lurking in traditional humanism. However, as the subject of cyborg is conceptualized as a signifier or discourse, it eventually evolved into a resurgence of the technical myth. The limit of post­humanism is manifested in three aspects : the loss of focus of the theory of disembodiment, the elimination of the alienation narrative based on technical ontology, and the lack of critical dimensions in technical and political practice. These limits weaken and deconstruct the critical function of the concept of post-human subjectivity. Post-humanism needs to return to practice and to reinvestigate the relationship between technological and human subjectivity from historical and structural perspectives, in order to establish a dialectical theory of post-human subject and to effectively promote the historical agenda of "rewriting modernity" that is based on the imagination of the relationship between human and technology.

Key words: subjectivity, post-human, cyborg, politics of technology