从冥界到故土：还要多久？——批判理论的旅行与艰辛

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文艺理论研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3) : 181-190.

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从冥界到故土：还要多久？——批判理论的旅行与艰辛

萨姆尔·韦伯

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From Hades to Heimat: Quo usque tandem? — The Travels and Travails of Critical Theory

Samuel Weber

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摘要

阿多诺与霍克海默二战期间在美国写出了《启蒙辩证法》一书，他们在该书中《奥德赛》中的尤利西斯视为西方人的典型( 两位作者的关注点是，当尤利西斯的复仇不仅针对那些求婚者，还包括与他们合作的妇女，因而他们提出这个问题：西方传统中的归家意味着什么？尤利西斯之子忒勒马科斯为了夺回“财产”以极为残暴的方式处死了那些妇女，他们着重于分析了这一过程中的暴力。本文由此出发讨论这种暴力事件的描述方式如何成为对所描述行为的隐含批评；同时，本文也结合阿多诺与霍克海默在《启蒙辩证法》中提出的相关概念以及阐释考察了必死性的含混状态。

Abstract

In their book, Dialectics of Enlightenment, written during the Second World War in their exile in the U.S., Adorno and Horkheimer portray Ulysses in the Odyssey as the exemplary Western figure. Focusing on an event that occurs as he takes his revenge not just upon the suitors but upon the women who collaborated with them, the authors raise the question of just what a return home can mean in the Western tradition. They emphasize the violence involved in reclaiming one's "property," as Ulysses' son, Telemachus, executes the women in the most brutal fashion. This allows the author to discuss the form in which this violent event is narrated as an implicit critique of the brutality being described. This essay examines the ambiguous status of mortality in the interpretation of Adorno and Horkheimer, and in their conception of their Dialectic of Enlightenment.

导出引用

萨姆尔·韦伯. 从冥界到故土：还要多久？——批判理论的旅行与艰辛[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2020, 40(3): 181-190

Samuel Weber. From Hades to Heimat: Quo usque tandem? — The Travels and Travails of Critical Theory[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2020, 40(3): 181-190