朗西埃对虚构问题的关注由来已久，近年来更是出版多部专论，对现代虚构本质进行了思考，提出了独特的见解。朗西埃的现代虚构观确立于对亚里士多德开创的传统虚构理性的批判，以及对席勒、济慈、福楼拜、伍尔夫、奥尔巴赫等作家学者思想的继承之上，它指出现代虚构的核心不再是对某个有机整一的行动的摹仿，而是对并置的感性微型事件的表现。内容的变化导致了现代虚构的形式变化，传统虚构中被边缘化的描写获得了与叙述同等甚至更为重要的地位，从根本上改变了现代虚构的质地。对朗西埃现代虚构观的考察有助于更为深入地理解朗西埃的美学思想与文学政治学，也能为反思现代虚构写作提供一种新颖的视角。

Jacques Rancière has a long-standing interest in fictional issues. In recent years, he has published several monographs, in which he ponders the nature of modern fiction and presented unique insights. Rancière's concept of modern fiction is based on the critique of the traditional fictional rationality pioneered by Aristotle and the inheritance of scholars and writers such as Schiller, Keats, Flaubert, Woolf, Auerbach. It points out that the core of modern fiction is no longer the imitation of an organic whole action, but rather the manifestation of juxtaposed sensible micro-events. Changes in content lead to changes in the form of modern fiction. Description, which was marginalized in traditional fiction, has gained equal status to or even more important status than narrative, fundamentally changing the texture of modern fiction. A study of Rancière's concept of modern fiction helps further understand his aesthetics and politics of literature, and also provides a novel perspective for rethinking modern fictional writing.