史、杂史与小说

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文艺理论研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4) : 88-98.

专题：中国古代小说文体研究

史、杂史与小说

周瑾锋

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History, Miscellaneous History and Fiction

Zhou Jinfeng

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摘要

中国古代小说与史的关系极为密切。史学的发展导致史书逐渐分流，杂史和小说即是史乘分流的产物，“史之余”的观念由此产生。从史到杂史再到小说，是“史性”逐渐流失、“小说性”逐渐增加的过程，杂史处于史到小说的过渡状态，具有双重性。杂史与小说既有联系又有区别，两者都有劝惩与补史的功能，而在内容、体制、功能等方面有所区别。

Abstract

Ancient Chinese fiction had a very close relationship with history. The development of historiography led to the separation of history books. Miscellaneous history and fiction were the products of this process, hence the idea of "the remaining of history". From history to miscellaneous history and to fiction, historicity gradually declined and fictionality increased, in which miscellaneous history became transitional between history to fiction, hence its dual nature. Miscellaneous history had both connection to and difference from fiction. They both had the function of persuasion and supplementing history, but also had many differences in content and style.