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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 36-47.

• 专题：后人类语境与文论研究的未来 • 上一篇    下一篇

“后人类/人本”转向下的人类、动物与生命——从阿甘本到青年马克思

王行坤   

  1. 天津工业大学外国语学院
  • 出版日期:2018-05-25 发布日期:2018-10-19
  • 作者简介:王行坤，文学博士，天津工业大学外国语学院副教授，主要研究方向为批判理论与文化研究。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市教委科研计划项目“西方文论中的‘情感转向’研究”[项目编号：2017SK044]的阶段性成果

Human, Animal, and Life in the Posthuman Turn: From Agamben to Young Marx

Wang Xingkun   

  1. the College of Foreign Languages at Tianjin Polytechnic University
  • Online:2018-05-25 Published:2018-10-19
  • About author:Wang Xingkun, Ph.D., is Associate Professor in the College of Foreign Languages at Tianjin Polytechnic University, with research focuses on Critical Theory and Cultural Studies.
  • Supported by:
    Research Plan Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Committee (No. 2017SK044)

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摘要： 上世纪80年代以来的“后人类/人本”思潮在很大程度上质疑挑战了人类中心主义和人本主义，推进了学界对于何为人类、人类与动物之间关系以及人类生命的反思。“后人类/人本”研究有三种路径，其中阿甘本的“生命政治”和“人类学机器”概念从政治领域内的人的动物化境况出发，揭示当代人类生命所遭遇的排斥性吸纳的困境，但阿甘本基于非历史化的分析所提出的是一种消极政治。本文试图回到青年马克思在“1844年手稿”中对劳动力动物化的分析，揭示出这种动物化背后的社会-经济根源，并且通过对其“类本质”概念进行新的阐释，从而提出一种真正解放人类生命、同时又拒绝人类中心主义和人本主义的观念。

关键词: 后人类/人本, 动物化, 生命政治, 人类学机器, 劳动动物, 类本质

Abstract: The Posthuman thought since the 1980s has challenged anthropocentrism and humanism to a great extent, and has promoted our reflections on what human is, on the relationship between humans and animals, and on human life itself. Three paths of Posthuman research will be traced, in which the concept of "biopolitics" and "anthropological machine" of Agamben proceeds from the animalization of human in the political field, and reveals the the dilemma of exclusive inclusion facing contemporary human life. But Agamben comes up with a passive politics based on a-historical analysis. This paper is intended to go back to the analysis of the animalization of labor power in young Marx's "Paris Manuscripts", to reveal the social and economic roots behind this animalization, and with the reinterpretation of the concept of "species being", to propose an idea that can truly liberate the human life while at the same time, totally reject the idea of anthropocentrism and humanism.

Key words: Posthuman, animalization, biopolitics, anthropological machine, laboring animal, species being