古文批评是桐城派文学活动的重要组成部分，对于深入理解其古文理论具有重要意义，理应引起足够的重视。方苞的弟子王又朴就是一位对桐城派古文理论的发展作出重要贡献的古文批评家。他以方苞的义法说作为其古文批评的理论基础，紧紧抓住义和法之间的关系，所以能够透过人们习焉不察的文字和细节，发现一般读者容易忽略的深隐之意。王又朴在贯彻义法说的同时，又有意识地借鉴了金圣叹文学批评的眼光和经验。这不仅使他对文法具有极其敏锐的感受能力和分析能力，善于揣摩所评书中人物的内心活动以及作者隐含在笔墨之中的幽微心理，而且使他的批评文字充满激情，显示出鲜明的个性和文学色彩。王又朴的古文批评，揭示了《孟子》和《史记》的很多义理，有助于深化人们对此二书的理解；其批评方法和批评特色，对当代学者的古文研究乃至文学批评方式的改进，都有丰富的借鉴意义。
Abstract
Critical practice on the ancient-style prose is an important part of the literary activity of Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty, and due research attention should be paid for understanding their prose theory. Wang You-pu (1681-1760) was one key figure in developing the school's prose theory. As a disciple of Fang Bao, the founder of the school, Wang developed Fang's notion of yifa (meaning-method) by expanding on the relationship between meaning (yi) and method (fa). Wang You-pu had also combined Fang's notion of meaning-method with Jin Shengtan's (1608-61) literary critical practice and vision, which not only sharpened his perceptive and analytical capacities concerning the meaning and method and provided better perspectives for him to probe into the author's mentality and psychology but also enabled him to take on extra passion, distinct personality and exceptional literariness in his critical writing. Wang You-pu's prose criticism revealed much about the meaning-method in the works of Mencius and Records of the Grand Historian, which could help to deepen the understanding of the two books. His critical approach and practice are valuable for contemporary research in the classical studies and literary theory.
关键词
王又朴 /
桐城派 /
古文批评 /
学术价值 /
方法论意义
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Key words
Wang Youpu /
Tongcheng School /
ancient-style prose criticism /
academic value /
methodological value
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参考文献
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[Fang, Bao. Fang Bao’s Works. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2008.]
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[Guo, Shaoyu. A History of Chinese Literary Criticism. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1979.]
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[Liu, Shengmu. A Textual Research into the Literary Source of Tongcheng School. Commentaries on Prose across the Dynasties. Vol. 10. Ed. Wang Shuizhao. Shanghai: Fudan University Publishing House, 2007.]
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[Sima, Qian. Records of the Grand Historian. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2013.]
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[Sun, Deqian. On “Yifa” of Records of the Grand Historian. The Edition Printed by Siyihuan, 1923.]
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脚注
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基金
本文为国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国古代文法概念范畴研究”[项目编号：13CZW020]的阶段性成果。
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