西方文论在古代名曰诗学，在近代，“诗学”渐微而“批评”兴起，进而演化为英语世界的“文学批评”和德俄世界的“文学科学”两大形态。20世纪后期，英语文论用“文学理论”去统合整个西方文论，结果是英语文论出现一事三名：文学理论、文学批评、批评理论。而今西方文论，德俄的文学科学和英语的文学理论等继续发展；诗学一方面继续成为文论总名，另一方面又成为文论次级的诗歌之学，还进入德俄英法文论体系之中，成为比较诗学、理论诗学、历史诗学、文化诗学等；西方文论呈现出多样总名和内容绞缠的生动局面。
Abstract
Western literary theory was initially named "poetics," and modern times saw the decline of the use of "poetics" and the rise of the use of criticism. Criticism produced literary criticism the English-speaking world and Literaturwissenschaft in the German-Russian speaking world. The late period of 20th century, literary theory was used as an umbrella term by scholars in English-speaking to unify the Western theories on literature, resulting in three names referring to the same field: literary theory, literary criticism and critical theory. Nowadays, the science of literature in German-Russian world and literary theory in English-speaking world co-exist and develop in their own ways. While the term of "poetics" continues to be an umbrella term for all the theories of literature, it also becomes the study of poetry which is understood as a branch of literary theory. Poetics has also entered the theoretical systems of both German-Russian and Anglo-Franco criticism and produced such branches as comparative poetics, theoretical poetics, historical poetics and cultural poetics. All these contribute to the current situation of literary theory in the Western world.
关键词
西方文论 /
诗学 /
文学批评 /
文学科学 /
文学理论
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Key words
Western literary theory /
poetics /
literary criticism /
Literaturwissenschaft
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