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文艺理论研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 111-121.

• 会议专辑:中外文论传统与范式转型 • 上一篇    下一篇

方东美、徐复观美学思想对观——兼论海外华人中国美学研究的两种模式

徐承   

  1. 杭州师范大学艺术教育研究院
  • 出版日期:2013-05-25 发布日期:2013-06-25
  • 作者简介:徐承,文学博士,杭州师范大学艺术教育研究院副研究员,主要从事比较美学与海外汉学研究。
  • 基金资助:

    本文为国家社会科学基金青年项目“比较文学视野下的海外华人‘中国抒情传统学派’研究”[项目编号:10CZW052]的阶段性成果。

A Comparative Study of Aesthetics between Fang Dongmei and Xu Fuguan

Xu Cheng   

  1. Institute of Arts Education at Hangzhou Normal University
  • Online:2013-05-25 Published:2013-06-25
  • About author:Xu Cheng, Ph.D., is an associate researcher in Institute of Arts Education at Hangzhou Normal University, with research interests in comparative aesthetics and sinology.

摘要: 并置方东美、徐复观的美学思想予以对观,可以发现,两人理想中的审美机制同为天人的同情共感,但对于此交感过程中天与人的主从关系,两人却各执一端、意见相左。方东美以天为价值预设的中心,提出一套建基于形而上学的天赋价值论;徐复观则以人为价值预设的中心,提出一套建基于人性论的价值自觉说。从方法论上判断,之所以造成两家学说的歧异,缘于方东美欲以《易传》统摄儒道,而徐复观则采取了“以孟释庄”的策略。方东美和徐复观思想的对立,为后来者的中国美学研究提供了两个基本的模型:一种是在天人关系中立足于自心,然后由内向外、由人向天推扩,通过心化、内化来实现人情的对象化;一种是在天人关系中立足于天,然后由外向内,由天到人地顺延,承接天地本身所具足的大美。不妨称前者为徐复观模式,后者为方东美模式。这两种模式得到当代海外华人学者的继承与发扬,在重建中国美学的主干道上,分别开出了抒情传统和现象主义这两条进路并各擅胜场。

关键词: 方东美, 徐复观, 汉学家, 新儒家, 抒情传统

Abstract: A comparative study of the aesthetics between Fang Dongmei and Xu Fuguan may reveal that their common aesthetic idea is the aesthetic identification between the Nature and the human, but they hold different understanding in the dominating-dominated role in the interactive relation between the Nature and the human. For Fang Dongmei, the Nature is the dominant, and a metaphysical axiology is built around the Heaven. For Xu Fuguan, the human is the dominant, and a humanist axiology is built around humanism. From the methodological perspective, Fang Dongmei’s aesthetics unifies Confucianist and Taoist philosophies while Xu Fuguan's aesthetics interprets Taoist thoughts through Mencius. Fang Dongmei and Xu Fuguan provided two different modes for Sinologists, with Xu's mode focusing on the objectification of the self and Fang’s focusing on the integrity of the human into the Nature. These two modes represent the two trends in Chinese aesthetic research as the lyrical approach and the phenomenological approach.

Key words: Fang Dongmei, Xu Fuguan, sinologists, Neo-Confucianism, lyrical approach