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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 80-89.

• 专题：比较文学与外国文学 • 上一篇    下一篇

为何一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特？——论诠释的开放性与文本表意逻辑

顾明栋   

  1. comparative literature at the School of Arts and Humanities, University of Texas at Dallas

  • 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-27
  • 作者简介:顾明栋，文学博士，上海交通大学人文学院访问讲席教授，美国达拉斯德州大学比较文学教授，主要从事比较文学、文论、比较思想和跨文化研究。

Why Would a Thousand Readers Understand Shakespeare in a Thousand Ways?: The Signifying Logic of a Text from the Perspective of Hermeneutic Openness

Gu Mingdong   

  1. 美国达拉斯德州大学

  • Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-27
  • About author:Gu Mingdong, Ph.D., is a visiting chair professor in the School of Humanities, Shanghai Jiaotong University, and professor of comparative literature at the School of Arts and Humanities, University of Texas at Dallas. His research interests include comparative literature, literary theory, comparative thought, and cross-cultural studies.

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摘要： 为什么有一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特呢？这个问题涉及现代文论和诠释学的一个核心问题：即文本究竟是一个和谐统一的封闭空间，至多存在一种对立的平衡，只允许细致入微和自圆其说的阐释；抑或是一个开放的空间，有着不同的观点、声音、态度、价值观和意识形态，兼容各种不同甚至相互冲突的解释？形式主义和结构主义认为文学作品是自给自足、自成一体的封闭意义空间，后结构主义理论家则反其道而行之，主张文学文本本质上是开放的。欧美文论家们对后结构主义的文本诠释曾有过激烈的争论，但只有少数几位针对诠释的开放性直接展开讨论，而且，最后的结果也是不了了之。从心理学、符号学、诠释学和文本的意义生成等方面探讨诠释开放性的内在逻辑和机制，可以从学理上回答为何有不同读者就会有不同解释的问题。

关键词:

"> 文本； 文本性； 诠释学； 文本开放性； 开放诗学； 阅读理论

Abstract:

Why would a thousand readers yield a thousand versions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in their understandings? This question touches upon a core issue in modern literary theory: Is a text an enclosed space of unity, harmony, and at most a balance of opposites, which allows only for nuanced and coherent exegeses, or an open space of different views, voices, values, attitudes, and ideologies, which invites different and conflicting interpretations? Formalism and structuralism believe that a literary work is an autotelic, free-standing, self-contained enclosure of self-sufficient meanings. Contrary to this conviction, post-structuralist theorists have argued that a literary text is essentially an open entity. In the heated debates over post-structuralist textual interpretation, however, only a few theorists are directly involved in the discussion of literary openness. Moreover, their debates and discussions did not come to any conclusion. If we reflect on the inner logic and mechanism of literary openness in terms of psychology, semiology, hermeneutics and the textual production of meaning and other issues, we may find answers to the question of why a thousand readers will produce a thousand versions of Hamlet. 

Key words:

text,  textuality,  hermeneutics;  textual openness,  open poetics;  reading theory