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莎士比亚的“世界历史”——赫尔德的“狂飙突进”剧论与激进启蒙

冯庆   

  1. 中国人民大学哲学院
  • 出版日期:2018-11-25 发布日期:2019-03-24
  • 作者简介:冯庆，中国人民大学哲学院博士后、讲师，研究兴趣集中于美学与文艺思想史。
  • 基金资助:
    本文是中国博士后科学基金第11批特别资助成果[项目编号：2018T110175]。

Shakespeare's "World History": J. G. Herder's "Sturm und Drang" Drama Theory and the Radical Enlightenment

Feng Qing   

  1. the School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China
  • Online:2018-11-25 Published:2019-03-24
  • About author:Feng Qing is a postdoctoral researcher and lecturer at the School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China. His research interest covers aesthetics and history of literary thoughts.
  • Supported by:
    China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018T110175) 

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摘要： 受到赫尔德与歌德的影响，德意志“狂飙突进”运动将莎士比亚奉为天才戏剧诗人的样板。通过将莎士比亚解读为表现可能的“世界历史”的想象力“天才”，赫尔德把泛神论哲学融贯到戏剧理论当中，发展出一种激进的启蒙观。将这种戏剧观与莱辛的莎士比亚解读及其秉承亚里士多德主义的启蒙戏剧观进行对比，可以发现其中存在极大差异：莱辛旨在培养公民道德，赫尔德则旨在唤起民众对自由的激情与政治行动。

关键词: 赫尔德, 莱辛, 莎士比亚, 狂飙突进, 启蒙

Abstract: Influenced by Johann Gottfried Herder and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the German "Sturm und Drang" movement regarded William Shakespeare as a model of gifted drama poets. Viewing Shakespeare as a "genius" in imagination for the possible "world history", Herder applied pantheistic philosophy to his drama theory and developed a concept of radical enlightenment. Comparing Herder's view with Gotthold Ephraim Lessing's interpretation of Shakespeare as well as his Aristotelian enlightenment dramatic idea, a great difference can be revealed: Lessing aimed to cultivate civic morality, while Herder intended to evoke the Volk's passion towards freedom and political action.

Key words: Herder, Lessing, Shakespeare, Sturm und Drang, the Enlightenment