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文艺理论研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 96-107.

• 专题:同情的阅读 • 上一篇    下一篇

走向同情的政治

塞缪尔·韦伯   

  1. 美国西北大学
  • 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-06-10
  • 作者简介:塞缪尔·韦伯是美国西北大学阿瓦隆基金人文学科教授及该校巴黎批判理论项目的联合主任,当代文学理论、欧洲哲学和精神分析等领域知名学者。他的新作包括Singularity: Politics and Poetics (明尼苏达大学出版社,2021年)和Preexisting Conditions: Recounting the Plague (区域书籍出版社,2022年)。

Toward a Politics of Compassion

Samuel Weber   

  1. Northwestern University

  • Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-06-10
  • About author:Samuel Weber is the Avalon Foundation Professor of Humanities and co-director of the Paris Program in Critical Theory at Northwestern University. One of the leading thinkers across the disciplines of literary theory, philosophy, and psychoanalysis, his most recent publications include Singularity: Politics and Poetics (University of Minnesota Press, 2021) and Preexisting Conditions: Recounting the Plague (Zone Books, 2022).

摘要:

在新冠疫情期间所经历的孤单感和不确定性使手我们回想起两个关于瘟疫的历史叙述修昔底德在他的《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》关于古代雅典瘟疫的描绘,以及薄伽丘在他的杰作《十日谈》中提到的引发此书写作的背景,即1349年席卷佛罗伦萨的黑死病。在这两种叙说中,一种由仓促的决定和自信的话语构成的政治模式与一种文学模式形成了对比。这种文学模式重视时间和空间在对事件的判断中所起的作用。本雅明对伪有效政治话语“扩张性倾向”的批判,以及德里达对动物的“感觉”的强调,为进一步理解薄伽丘的“摩擦”叙事提供了双重理论基础,并将情感和独异体验置于“同情的政治”的核心地位。

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Abstract: The feelings of isolation and uncertainty experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic may refer us back to two historical accounts of the plague: the ancient one in Athens described and discussed by Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War; and the Black Death that ravaged Florence in 1349, giving rise to Boccaccio's masterpiece, The Decameron. In them, a political model of hasty decision and discourse (in terms of judgement and action) is contrasted with a literary model that valorizes the working of time and space in the reflection of events. Benjamin's critique of the “expansive tendency” in pseudo effective political discourse and Derrida's emphasis on the “feeling” for and with the animals provide a double theoretical ground for further understanding Boccaccio's “frictional” storytelling, setting the affective and the singular experience at the heart of what can be called a “politics of compassion.”

Key words: plague,  , frictionality,  , compassion,  , dem Wort Versagte