欢迎访问《文艺理论研究》，
文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 87-98.

• 古代文论与古代文学的理论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

关汉卿杂剧结构艺术论

许建中   

  1. 扬州大学文学院
  • 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-09-27
  • 作者简介:许建中，文学博士，扬州大学文学院教授，主要从事中国古代文学文献研究。​
  • 基金资助:

    江苏高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队建设项目“戏剧综合研究与文化生态建设”[项目编号：2017ZSTD13]

The Art of Guan Hanqing's Dramaturgic Structure

Xu Jianzhong   

  1. College of Humanities, Yangzhou University
  • Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-09-27
  • About author:Xu Jianzhong, Ph.D., is a professor at the College of Humanities, Yangzhou University. His main research interest is in the ancient Chinese literature and Classical Philology.
  • Supported by:

    Jiangsu University Philosophy and Social Science Excellent Innovation Team Construction Project (2017 ZSTD13)

PDF (PC)

222

摘要：

关汉卿现存杂剧15种。他取材现实生活，改造传统题材，自铸题旨，表现出对社会生活的深刻体验和思考；精心布局，创造了较为丰富的杂剧结构类型；充分调动一折二段、悬念、误会、发现、突转等多种编剧手法，极大提高了杂剧的艺术表现力；剧情配套选择妥帖，套外加赠曲是对元杂剧“一本四折”的突破；注重排场派脚，主唱者可改扮多人，这是对元杂剧“一人主唱”的调剂与改造，极大拓展了杂剧结构艺术张力；擅长旦本剧，塑造了生动传神的妇女群像，有效调动各种脚色，为旦末演员表演体制的形成奠定了基础。关汉卿杂剧结构艺术特色鲜明，贡献巨大，影响深远，诚为元人第一。总体把握关汉卿杂剧结构艺术，可以为建构具有中国特色的戏曲结构理论提供一个经典性范本。

关键词:

关汉卿, 杂剧, 结构艺术, 戏剧理论

Abstract:

The 15 existing plays by the Yuan-Dynasty playwright Guan Hanqing reflect the playwright's originality in processing subject matter through transformation of conventional themes and his realistic concerns with profound thoughts. Guan Hanqing's plays, literally variety dramas in Chinese, demonstrate a variety of structural types with different dramaturgic techniques. The plot from suspense, misunderstanding, and discovery to return is well adapted into plays with each act comprising two sections, and this greatly promotes the expressiveness of the plays. His story is strengthened by his thoughtful construction of plot with added sections that broke through the "one-play-of-four-act" convention. In Guan's ingenious casting, one lead actor can play multiple characters and this greatly changes the convention of the one-actor opera at the time and improves the tension on stage. Guan Hanqing's plays highlight the woman lead characters, and can deploy more characters to enhance the plot centered round the woman lead actor, which eventually helps form Chinese opera performance convention centered round the woman lead actor. Guan Hanqing's plays may provide an example for the theorization of the structure in Chinese operatic plays.

Key words: Guan Hanqing, variety drama, dramaturgic techniques, drama theory