《物性论》与古罗马黄金时代诗歌

李永毅

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文艺理论研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1) : 119-128.

文论互鉴

《物性论》与古罗马黄金时代诗歌

李永毅

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De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things) and Roman Poetry in the Golden Age

Li Yongyi

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文章历史 +

摘要

卢克莱修以《物性论》的杰出成就对古罗马黄金时代的诗人施加了巨大压力。维吉尔反客为主,让卢克莱修成为自己作品的一个声音、一种视角,引入其他声音和视角与之抗衡,并在结构和主题上加以统摄,他尤其采用了再神话化策略化解《物性论》的理性主义。贺拉斯以实用主义态度对待《物性论》的伊壁鸠鲁哲学和文学元素,拒绝与卢克莱修正面交锋,在后期作品中甚至经常暗讽这位前辈。奥维德毫无保留地赞美卢克莱修,他通过融合神话史诗、探源史诗和科学史诗三种传统,创造了不同于《物性论》的另一种以宇宙为题材的总体史诗。面对荷马以降令人生畏的史诗传统,卢克莱修挑战的勇气和智慧给了古罗马三大诗人如何与前人争胜的启示。

Abstract

Lucretius exerted enormous pressure on the Roman poets of the Golden Age with the outstanding achievement of his De Rerum Natura. Virgil outmaneuvered him by reducing him to one of the voices and perspectives in his own work, by introducing other voices and perspectives, and by unifying them structurally and thematically, and in particular by employing a strategy of re-mythologization to dissolve the rationalism of De Rerum Natura. Horace took a pragmatic approach to the Epicurean philosophy and the literary elements of the epic, refusing to engage in head-on collision with Lucretius, and even frequently alluding to this predecessor in his later works. Ovid praised Lucretius unreservedly and created an alternative type of overarching epic about the universe by fusing the three traditions of mythological, etiological, and scientific epic. In the face of the daunting epic tradition from Homer onward, Lucretius' courage and wisdom in challenging it showed the three major Roman poets how to emulate their predecessors.

导出引用

李永毅. 《物性论》与古罗马黄金时代诗歌[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2025, 45(1): 119-128

Li Yongyi. De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things) and Roman Poetry in the Golden Age[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2025, 45(1): 119-128

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