将赛博文本视为计算机或网络文本是不准确的,赛博文本是控制论意义上的互动文本,即需要通过实质性的互动操作来生产和消费符号的文本。赛博文本理论对建立在印刷文学基础上的“以解释性实践为主导”的传统文学理论提出了挑战。受控制论的世界观和方法论的影响,它致力于探讨文本的媒介组合可能,从而把20世纪形式主义文论对语言符号的形式关注推进到了对符号生产的物质基础的研究。它提出了媒介功能理论,实现了由传统文学理论所侧重的对文本语义功能的研究向文本媒介功能研究的转变。它对文本媒介的物质性和功能等问题的重视也改变了文本语义研究的模式,即从文本语义的本质主义探寻走向了对其生成机制的探索。赛博文本理论有其独特的术语、研究对象和研究方法,其研究范式涉及的重要理论问题值得持续观察。
Abstract
Cybertext is an interactive text in the sense of cybernetics, which requires substantial interactive operation to produce verbal signs, and thus it is inaccurate to view cybertext merely as digital text related to computers or networks. Cybertext theory challenges the traditional literary theories dominated by interpretative practices that are based on print literature. Informed by the worldview and methodology of cybernetics, cybertext theory discusses the possibilities of integrating textual media. It shifts the focus from formalistic concerns with verbal signs in 20th-century formalist literary theories to the materiality in the production of verbal signs. It introduces the theory of media functions and shifts the emphasis from studying the semantic functions of the texts to the study of their media functions. Its emphasis on the materiality and functional elements of textual media also changes the mode of textual semantic research, that is, from exploring the nature of meaning to its generative mechanisms. Cybertext theory has its own distinct terminology, research objects and methods, and the important theoretical issues it addresses within its research paradigm deserve ongoing investigation.
关键词
赛博文本理论 /
控制论 /
诗学 /
文学机器
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Key words
cybertext theory /
cybernetics /
poetics /
literary machines
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