公安派的崇苏尚俗与晚明文学思潮的嬗变——兼论苏轼典范的确立

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在苏轼接受史上,明代是最特殊的一个时代,经历了从湮没无音到炽盛至极两个极端。这一转折产生的节点,是公安派袁宏道等人对苏轼的大力推崇。明文坛宗立派系领袖成风,流派之间的论争自然绕不开各自宗主之间的人为比较与对峙。针对复古派的文学主张,公安派在其文学革新的探索道路上,选择了苏轼作为与复古一脉抗衡的旗帜。除了宋文学代表这一典型身份,无论是所面临的文学环境,还是谐谑尚俗的文学主张,苏轼都与公安派形成了深度共鸣,这使得公安派选择苏轼成为历史的必然。崇苏与尚俗,作为一体之两面,贯穿了公安派文学革新的整个理路。袁氏兄弟对苏轼的推尊,也逐渐蔓延到整个明文坛,成为晚明到清初崇苏乃至宗宋的先声,文学风尚彻底转向。

关键词: 苏轼, 公安派, 崇苏, 尚俗, 文学旗帜

Abstract: In Su Shi's historical assessment, the Ming dynasty was the most unique era, experiencing extremes from obscurity and silence to utmost brilliance. The turning point began with the great admiration of Su Shi by Yuan Hongdao (15681610), a key member of the Gong'an School. In the Ming dynasty, it was popular for various schools to establish their respective leaders. The argument between schools focused inevitably on the comparison and competition between their respective leaders. In response to the literary view of the Revivalist School, Gong'an School, on its path of literary innovation, chose Su Shi as their major representative to combat the revivalists. In addition to being a literary representative of the Song dynasty, Su Shi was found to have a deep resonance with the Gong’an School in terms of the literary environment they faced with and their preference for satire and the popular. The twin aspects of revering Su Shi and embracing the popular, intertwined as one, permeated the entire path of literary innovation pursued by the Gong'an School. The reverence that the Yuan brothers held for Su Shi gradually informed to the entire literary circle of the Ming dynasty, becoming the precursor to the later veneration of Su Shi and the Song dynasty, even extending into the early Qing dynasty. As a result, the literary trends underwent a complete transformation.

Key words: Su Shi, Gong'an School, veneration of Su Shi, embrace of the popular, literary representative

董韦彤. 公安派的崇苏尚俗与晚明文学思潮的嬗变——兼论苏轼典范的确立[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2024, 44(1): 84-93.

Dong Weitong. The Veneration of Su Shi and Embrace of the Popular in the Gong'an School and the Evolution of Late Ming Literary Trends: A Comprehensive Study on the Establishment of Su Shi's Exemplary Status[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2024, 44(1): 84-93.

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公安派的崇苏尚俗与晚明文学思潮的嬗变——兼论苏轼典范的确立

The Veneration of Su Shi and Embrace of the Popular in the Gong'an School and the Evolution of Late Ming Literary Trends: A Comprehensive Study on the Establishment of Su Shi's Exemplary Status

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