新时期反思文学反映论的三种学理路径

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新时期对文学反映论的反思,始终伴随对“唯认识论”思维的清理:以认识论统摄文学,容易掩抑文学应有的审美、价值和人性维度,使之沦为摹写现实的工具。20世纪80年代初,学界针对文学反映论及其背后的认识论问题,主要采用了三种反思方法,取得了不同的理论效果:一是“原理廓清”,主要围绕马克思、列宁、毛泽东等人的反映论观点,对马克思主义反映论原理进行正本清源,促成机械反映论向能动反映论的平稳过渡;二是“嫁接修复”,力主在追求确定性的知识映现机制中,植入彰显主观性的审美维度,实现审美反映论、审美意识形态论等本土话语的辩证创新;三是“颠倒挪移”,声张文学应与追求客观性、确定性的认识论彻底决裂,而完全倒向主体性、价值性一维,以完成客体性文论向主体性文论的激情跃进。整理反思文学反映论的诸种路径,有益于从文论知识生产的学理层次,对本土文论的创新机制提供建设性意见。

关键词: 新时期, 学理, 文学反映论, 审美反映论, 文学主体论

Abstract: The rethinking of the theory of literary reflection in the new era has always been accompanied by the purification of epistemology. It is easy to overlook the aesthetic, value and human dimensions of literature when it is dominated by epistemology, which treats it as a tool for describing reality. In the early 1980s, scholars mainly adopted three approaches to rethink the theory of literary reflection and the epistemology behind it, and achieved different theoretical results. The first approach is the clarification of principles, which mainly focuses on the theories of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong, transforming the theory of reflection smoothly from mechanical to active. The second approach highlights the aesthetic dimension of subjectivity in the system of knowledge reflection that pursues certainty, in order to realize the dialectical innovation of native discourses such as the theory of aesthetic reflection and aesthetic ideology. The third approach advocates for literature to completely break away from the epistemology that pursues objectivity and certainty, and turn to the dimension of subjectivity and value, in order to promote the leap forward of literary theory from objectivity to subjectivity. Sorting out various approaches to rethink the theory of literary reflection provides constructive suggestions to local literary theories from a theoretical level.

Key words: new era, theory, theory of literary reflection, theory of aesthetic reflection, literary subjectivity

赖锐. 新时期反思文学反映论的三种学理路径[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2024, 44(1): 139-146.

Lai Rui. Three Theoretical Approaches to Rethinking the Theory of Literary Reflection in the New Era[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2024, 44(1): 139-146.

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新时期反思文学反映论的三种学理路径

Three Theoretical Approaches to Rethinking the Theory of Literary Reflection in the New Era

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