海虞“二冯”被誉为“虞山诗派”之“疑丞”，历来研究者都将其视为明末清初反对“七子”复古诗风的中坚力量，几乎没人注意到他们与复古派之间的内在联系。这不仅不利于认识“二冯”诗学的真正面目，也不利于厘清明清之际诗风转换的实际轨迹，从而影响了对“虞山诗派”地位和作用的正确认识和评价。从家学和师承两个二方面，对“二冯”诗学的渊源关系进行对比梳理，使我们可以清晰地看出，“二冯”诗学的取径晚唐而上溯齐梁、推崇比兴、重视辞采、追求温柔敦厚等主要主张，深受其父冯复京的影响，与其师钱谦益的论诗宗旨颇相异趣，很大程度上是“七子”派“格调”诗学的一种内部超越和发展。
Abstract
The Feng brothers of Haiyu are important figures of the Yushan School of poets, and have been regarded as the backbone of those who opposed of the retro-poetics in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. But few people have discovered the relationship between the Feng brothers and the retro school. This is not conducive to understanding their true poetics, and not conducive to clarifying the actual trajectory of poetry evolution from the Ming to the Qing. And this affects the correct understanding and evaluation of the status and the role of the Yushan School of poets. A comparative analyses of the poetic Origin of the Feng brothers from home influence and discipleship may enable us to conclude that the Feng brothers' poetics, influenced by the poetics of the late Tang and even the Qi and the Liang, values bi and xing, rhetoric, and moderation, which reveals the influence from their father and their tutor Qian Qianyi. This is to some extent an inner transcendence over and development of the "style and tone" of the "Qi Zi" (the seven men of letters) School.
关键词
虞山诗派 /
“二冯” /
“七子”派 /
钱谦益 /
诗学
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Key words
the Yushan School of poets /
"the Feng Brothers" /
the School of "Qi zi" /
Qian Qianyi /
poetics
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(1)罗时进《李商隐对清初虞山诗派的影响》一文认为“冯班是接武牧斋而崇李商隐的”。袭鹏程《诗史本色与妙悟》一书也将“比兴寄托”说属诸钱谦益。胡幼峰《清初虞山派诗论》亦认为冯班继承了钱氏论诗重比兴的创作观念,转而宗尚晚唐温、李,另开清初西昆一路。
(2)刘一认为,钱谦益有意取径晚唐的时间约在崇祯十一年戊寅(公元1638年)左右。而在此之前,冯班早就“以温、李为范式”了,他在崇祯戊寅年前后,已有诗集《冯氏小草》刊刻,其中的诗歌已呈现出鲜明的晚唐特征(刘一43-46)。
(3)详细阐释可参阅拙作《论“二冯”“比兴”说的内涵及影响》,载于《安顺学院学报》3(2006):7—10。
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脚注
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基金
本文为江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金资助项目“清初虞山诗人群体研究”，项目编号[2013SJB750001]、常熟理工学院社科项目“虞山诗派文献整理与研究”，[项目编号QS1301]和江苏省社科基金重点项目“虞山诗派文献整理与研究”，[项目编号：14ZWA001]的阶段性成果。
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