海虞“二冯”被誉为“虞山诗派”之“疑丞”,历来研究者都将其视为明末清初反对“七子”复古诗风的中坚力量,几乎没人注意到他们与复古派之间的内在联系。这不仅不利于认识“二冯”诗学的真正面目,也不利于厘清明清之际诗风转换的实际轨迹,从而影响了对“虞山诗派”地位和作用的正确认识和评价。从家学和师承两个二方面,对“二冯”诗学的渊源关系进行对比梳理,使我们可以清晰地看出,“二冯”诗学的取径晚唐而上溯齐梁、推崇比兴、重视辞采、追求温柔敦厚等主要主张,深受其父冯复京的影响,与其师钱谦益的论诗宗旨颇相异趣,很大程度上是“七子”派“格调”诗学的一种内部超越和发展。
Abstract
The Feng brothers of Haiyu are important figures of the Yushan School of poets, and have been regarded as the backbone of those who opposed of the retro-poetics in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. But few people have discovered the relationship between the Feng brothers and the retro school. This is not conducive to understanding their true poetics, and not conducive to clarifying the actual trajectory of poetry evolution from the Ming to the Qing. And this affects the correct understanding and evaluation of the status and the role of the Yushan School of poets. A comparative analyses of the poetic Origin of the Feng brothers from home influence and discipleship may enable us to conclude that the Feng brothers' poetics, influenced by the poetics of the late Tang and even the Qi and the Liang, values bi and xing, rhetoric, and moderation, which reveals the influence from their father and their tutor Qian Qianyi. This is to some extent an inner transcendence over and development of the "style and tone" of the "Qi Zi" (the seven men of letters) School.
关键词
虞山诗派 /
“二冯” /
“七子”派 /
钱谦益 /
诗学
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
the Yushan School of poets /
"the Feng Brothers" /
the School of "Qi zi" /
Qian Qianyi /
poetics
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
杜甫:“戏为六绝句”,《全唐诗》,曹寅等编。北京:中华书局,2013年。[Du,Fu."Six Quatrains Written Casually."A Complete Collection of Tang Poems.Ed.Cao Yin.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2013.]
冯鳌:“玉台新咏·跋”,徐陵辑,《玉台新咏》。研丰斋刊本。[Feng Ao."Postscript."Xu Ling.Ed.An Anthology of New Poems of Yutai.Block-printed Edition of the Yanfeng Studio.]
冯班:《钝吟杂录》。北京:中华书局,1985年。[Feng,Ban.The Remarks from Dun Yin.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1985.]
——:《钝吟全集》,《清代诗文汇编》第20册。上海:上海古籍出版社,2009年。[——.Complete Works of Dun Yin.Compilation of Poetry and Prose from the Qing Dynasty.Vol.20.Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,2009.]
——:《古今乐府论》,《清诗话》,丁福保辑。上海:上海古籍出版社,1978年。[——.Comments on Ancient and Modern Yuefu(ballads).Complete Poetic Commentaries from the Qing Dynasty.Ed.Ding Fubao.Shanghai;Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1978.]
冯复京:《冯复京诗话》,《明诗话全编》,吴文治编。南京:江苏古籍出版社,1997年。[Feng,Fujing.Poetic Commentaries of Feng Fujing.Complete Poetic Commentaries from the Ming Dynasty.Ed.Wu Wenzhi.Nanjing;Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House,1997.]
冯舒:《默庵遗稿》,《常熟二冯先生集》。民国十四年刊本。[Feng,Shu.Posthumous Works from Mo Hut.Collected Works of Two Mr.Feng from Changshu.The Edition in the 14th year of Republic of China.]
高氏■等:《康熙常熟县志》,《中國地方志集成:江蘇府縣志辑》第21册。南京:江苏古籍出版社,1991年。[Gao,Shiyi,et al.The Annals of Changshu during the Kangxi Period.Chinese Local Annals Integration:the Collection of Annals from Jiangsu.Vol.21.Nanjing:Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House,1991.]
焦竑:“六家诗名物疏·原序”,冯复京:《六家诗名物疏》,《文渊阁四库全书》第80册。上海:上海古籍出版社,1987年。2—3。[Jiao,Hong."An Introduction to Explanation on Substantives in The Book of Poetry from Six Schools."Explanation on Substantives in The Book of Poetry from Six Schools.Feng Fujing.A Complete Royal Collection of the Four Treasures(Wenyuan'ge Edition).Vol.80.Shanghai;Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1987.2-3.]
李东阳:《麓堂诗话》,《历代诗话续编》,丁福保辑。北京:中华书局,1983年。[Li,Dongyang.Poetic Commentaries of the Lu Hall.A Sequel to Collected Poetry Commentaries across Dynasties.Ed.Ding Fubao.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1983.]
李梦阳:《空同集》,《文渊阁四库全书》第1262册。上海:上海古籍出版社,1987年。[Li,Mengyang.Collected Works of Kong Tong.A Complete Royal Collection of the Four Treasures(Wenyuan'ge).Vol.1262.Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1987.]
李庆甲辑校:《瀛奎律髓汇评》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2005年。[Li,Qingjia.A Collection of Remarks on Ying Kui Lv Sui(a Collection of Regulated Verses).Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,2005.]
刘一:《冯班诗学研究》,南京大学硕士论文,2012年。[Liu,Yi.A Study of Feng Ban's Poetry and Poetic Thoughts.Unpublished M.A.Thesis.Nanjing University,2012.]
钱谦益:《初学集》,《钱牧斋全集》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2003年。[Qian,Qianyi.Collected Works of Chu Xue.Complete Works of Qian Qianyi.Shanghai;Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,2003.]
——:《有学集》,《钱牧斋全集》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2003年。[——.Collected Works of Youxue.Complete Works of Qian Qianyi.Shanghai;Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,2003.]
——:《列朝诗集小传》。上海:上海古籍出版社,1983年。[——.Short Biographies of Collection of Poetry from the Ming Dynasty.Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1983.]
钱仲联:“钱遵王诗集笺校·序”,《钱遵王诗集笺校》,谢正光笺校。香港:三联书店有限公司,1990年。1—2。[Qian,Zhonglian."Preface,"Annotations and Proofreading to Collected Poems of Qian Zunwang.Ed.Xie Zhengguang.Hong Kong;Joint Publishing Co.,1990.1-2.]
王廷相:《王廷相集》。北京:中华书局,1989年。[Wang,Tingxiang.Collected Works of Wang Tingxiang.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1989.]
韦縠辑:《二冯批才调集》。清康熙四十年汪瑶刊本。[Wei,Hu.Ed.An Anthology of Poems according to Talent and Tone Commented by the Feng Borthers.Blockprinted Edition by Wang Yao in 1701.]
永镕等:《四库全书总目》。北京:中华书局,1965年。[Yong,Rong,et al..General Catalogue to Complete Collection of the Four Treasures.Beijing;Zhonghua Book Company,1965.]
张健:《清代诗学研究》。北京:北京大学出版社,1999年。[Zhang,Jian.Study on Poetics in the Qing Dynasty.Beijing:Peking University Press,1999.]
(1)罗时进《李商隐对清初虞山诗派的影响》一文认为“冯班是接武牧斋而崇李商隐的”。袭鹏程《诗史本色与妙悟》一书也将“比兴寄托”说属诸钱谦益。胡幼峰《清初虞山派诗论》亦认为冯班继承了钱氏论诗重比兴的创作观念,转而宗尚晚唐温、李,另开清初西昆一路。
(2)刘一认为,钱谦益有意取径晚唐的时间约在崇祯十一年戊寅(公元1638年)左右。而在此之前,冯班早就“以温、李为范式”了,他在崇祯戊寅年前后,已有诗集《冯氏小草》刊刻,其中的诗歌已呈现出鲜明的晚唐特征(刘一43-46)。
(3)详细阐释可参阅拙作《论“二冯”“比兴”说的内涵及影响》,载于《安顺学院学报》3(2006):7—10。
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
基金
本文为江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金资助项目“清初虞山诗人群体研究”,项目编号[2013SJB750001]、常熟理工学院社科项目“虞山诗派文献整理与研究”,[项目编号QS1301]和江苏省社科基金重点项目“虞山诗派文献整理与研究”,[项目编号:14ZWA001]的阶段性成果。
{{custom_fund}}