布尔迪厄的文学场和贝克尔的艺术界在艺术社会学领域影响很大。无论是认为两者基本一致，还是认为“布尔迪厄重冲突，贝克尔重合作”，都没有把握两者之间的真正差别。本文以“游戏”的隐喻为框架对两者进行了比较，得出了如下结论：布尔迪厄的文学场是一场零和游戏，贝克尔的艺术界是一场游戏；文学场的参与者是漫画式的角色，他们之间的关系是斗争。场是历史化的，宏观的。它也是抽象的，这与结构主义相关。艺术界的参与者是活生生的人，他们之间的关系是互动，它是形式化的，微观的。它也是具体的，这来自互动主义。两者各有利弊。在研究文学和艺术时，我们应该将两者结合起来。
Abstract
Pierre Bourdieu's literary field and Howard S. Becker's art world are influential in the sociological study of art. Some claims that both the literary field and the art world are essentially consistent and some claims that Bourdieu focuses on conflict while Becker on cooperation. This paper, however, argues that neither claim has grasped the essential difference between them. To compare the two concepts, this paper uses the metaphor "game" as a framework and concludes that Bourdieu's literary field is a zero sum game while Becker's art world is a game. The participants in the literary field are a caricature role, and the relationship between them is struggle. The field is historical, macroscopic and abstract, which is linked to the structuralism. The participants in the art world are living people, and the relationship between them is interaction. The art world is formalistic, microscopic and concrete, which belongs to the interactionism. Either of them has its advantage and disadvantage, and they should be interconnected in the study of literature and art.
关键词
游戏 /
布尔迪厄 /
文学场 /
贝克尔 /
艺术界
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Key words
game /
Pierre Bourdieu /
literary field /
Howard S. Becker /
art world
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