作为文本/反文本的《资本主义与自由》：弗里德曼新自由主义准则的解构和去中心化

PDF(1277 KB)

文艺理论研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6) : 38-59.

西方文论与美学研究

作为文本/反文本的《资本主义与自由》：弗里德曼新自由主义准则的解构和去中心化

约瑟夫·格雷戈里·马奥尼

作者信息 +

Capitalism and Freedom as Text/Antitext: Deconstructing and Decentering Friedman’s Neoliberal Canon

Josef Gregory Mahoney

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

米尔顿·弗里德曼的新自由主义理论与雅克·德里达的解构主义思想存在一种意外的相似性，可以说二者都包含了海德格尔式的资本主义解释学，且都通过阐释激进的选择自由对“正义”一词做出了反动的论述。德里达眼中的主观自由正是弗里德曼在市场中赋予我们的权利。这种相似性使得我们可以借助德里达的理论重新解读弗里德曼，且确保这种解读不会没有成果。更重要的是，在此前的10年间，新自由主义在全球决策者中受欢迎程度之高令人咂舌，这也引发了2008年的全球金融危机。尽管如今我们已迈出了经济重建的步伐，但来自各地的决策者仍不断高呼重振弗里德曼的理论。故本文的写作目的在于反驳弗里德曼传播到世界各地的消极思想，从而解构其主要著作。在此过程中，笔者将揭露这位虽自称是哲学家和反马克思主义理论家的资本主义经济学家在理论和思想中的矛盾之处。

Abstract

An odd symmetry appears when reading Milton Friedman's canonical neoliberalism in tandem with Jacques Derrida's deconstructive techniques: both authors, it can be argued, are ensconced in a Heideggerian, capitalist hermeneutic. Both offer reactionary discourses for "justice" per their respective paradigms of a radical freedom of choice. This congruence marks a special opening — not just the standard invitation to deconstructive relativism — to re-read Friedman in a manner consistent with Derridean, subjective freedoms that Friedman would otherwise ascribe us in the marketplace. More importantly, this re-reading takes place following a ten-year period that saw global neoliberalism reach absurd heights of popularity among policymakers and in turn, spark a global financial crisis in 2008. Today, incredibly, we continue to hear calls from some corners to return to Friedman as we move forward and try to rebuild economically. Our purpose here, therefore, is to deconstruct Friedman's primary texts, and to do so in a manner that pushes back against the sort of destructive thinking he helped popularize worldwide.In doing so, we will reveal the inconsistencies one should expect from a still celebrated bourgeois economist who fancied himself a philosopher and Karl Marx's antithesis.

导出引用

约瑟夫·格雷戈里·马奥尼. 作为文本/反文本的《资本主义与自由》：弗里德曼新自由主义准则的解构和去中心化[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2014, 34(6): 38-59

Josef Gregory Mahoney. Capitalism and Freedom as Text/Antitext: Deconstructing and Decentering Friedman’s Neoliberal Canon[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2014, 34(6): 38-59

参考文献

Barthes, Roland. Image-Music-Text. Trans. Stephen Heath. New York: Hill and Wang, 1977.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Homo Academicus. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988.
Boylan, Thomas A., and Paschal F. O’Gorman. Beyond Rhetoric and Realism in Economics: Towards a Reformulation of Economic Methodology. London: Routledge, 1995.
Breit, William, and Roger L. Ransom. The Academic Scribblers. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1998.
--- “Milton Friedman.” Lives of the Laureates. MIT Press, 1990.
Derrida, Jacques. “Letter to a Japanese Friend.” A Derrida Reader: Between the Blinds. Ed. Peggy Kamuf. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
--- “Plato’s Pharmacy.” Dissemination. Trans. Barbara Johnson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
--- The Politics of Friendship. Trans. George Collins. London: Verso, 2006.
--- “Positions: Interview with Jean-Louis Houdebine and Guy Scarpetta.” Positions. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
--- “The Time is Out of Joint.” Deconstruction is/in America. Ed. Anselm Haverkamp. New York: New York University Press, 1995.
Dionne, E.J. Why Americans Hate Politics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991.
“Free Exchange: The Chicago Question,” The Economist, July 28, 2012, 60.
Friedman, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962/2002.
--- Essays in Positive Economics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1953.
--- “Supply-Side Policies: Where Do We Go from Here?” Supply-Side Economics in the 1980s: Conference Proceedings—Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Ed. William A. Fickling and William F. Ford. Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1982.
--- Tax Limitation, Inflation, and the Role of Government. Dallas: The Fisher Institute, 1978.
--- “Why Government is the Problem.” Stanford: Hoover Institution, 1993.
Friedman, Milton, and Rose Friedman. Free to Choose: A Personal Statement. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1980.
Friedman, Milton, and Anna Schwartz. A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.
Hendry, David, and Neil R. Ericsson. Assertion without Empirical Basis: An Econometric Appraisal of Monetary Trends in the United States and the United Kingdom by Milton Friedman and Anna Schwartz. London: Bank of England, 1983.
Jameson, Fredric. The Prison-House of Language. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.
Knight, Frank H. The Ethics of Competition. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1997.
Kristof, Nicholas D., and Sheryl WuDunn, Thunder from the East. New York: Vintage, 2000.
Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, [1962] 1996.
Landy, Marc. “The Heart of Politics.”Freedom Review September-October (1991).
Patel, Raj. The Value of Nothing (New York, HarperCollins, 2009).
Quine, W.V.O. From a Logical Point of View. New York: Harper and Row, 1961.
Rothschild, Kurt W. Ethics and Economic Theory. Cambridge: Edward Elgar, 1993.
Searle, John R. The Construction of Social Reality. New York: Free Press, 1995.
Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations. New York: Random House/The Modern Library, 1965.
Stiglitz, Joseph. Whither Socialism? Cambridge: MIT Press, 1994.
Stone, Charles F., and Isabel V. Sawhill. Economic Policy in the Reagan Years.Washington, DC: Urban Institute, 1984.