本文从尊体、辨体和创体的角度,重新梳理并解读了明代推尊正音、崇尚本色、宗法元人等具有复古倾向的曲学主张。“尊体”意识促进了主流意识形态和文学典范传统对元曲的延纳,“辨体”意识的聚焦处在于塑造作为整体的曲体文学其统一的美学规范;而建构“新传奇”文体时,北曲又因相对严整的宫调、韵律而呈现出“典范美”色彩。明代曲学复古是“元曲经典化”历史进程的一个关键环节,它揭示了元曲美学层面的内在体性、特质,也为晚近以来的某些论说埋置了伏笔。
Abstract
This paper sorts out the restorative trend in the Ming Dynasty in terms of the respect for, elaboration on and the creation of the style (zun ti, bian ti and chuang ti) and re-interprets its claims such as promoting the orthodox prosody, appreciating the original tonal quality, and emulating the Yuan-Dynasty style. The respect for the style promoted the reception of the Yuan-Dynasty style of Qu (opera) to the mainstream ideology and literary orthodoxies. The elaboration on the style focuses on establishing uniform aesthetic norms for Qu as a literary genre. The creation of a genre as the "new legend" drama corresponded with the adoption of the Northern Qu which had more strict schemes for tones and rhymes. The paper argues that the trend to restore the ancient standards in the Ming Dynasty was crucial for the canonization of the Yuan-Dynasty dramas, and it not only revealed the inherent aesthetic qualities but also laid the ways for later theoretical elaborations on Chinese dramas.
关键词
曲学 /
复古 /
元曲 /
经典化 /
明代
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Key words
the study of Qu /
restorative trend /
the Yuan-Dynasty opera /
canonization /
the Ming Dynasty
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脚注
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基金
本文为武汉大学人文社科自主科研项目“晚明清初戏曲史料丛考”[项目编号:111274865]的阶段性成果,又受“武汉大学‘70后’学者学术发展计划”支持。
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