本文从尊体、辨体和创体的角度，重新梳理并解读了明代推尊正音、崇尚本色、宗法元人等具有复古倾向的曲学主张。“尊体”意识促进了主流意识形态和文学典范传统对元曲的延纳，“辨体”意识的聚焦处在于塑造作为整体的曲体文学其统一的美学规范；而建构“新传奇”文体时，北曲又因相对严整的宫调、韵律而呈现出“典范美”色彩。明代曲学复古是“元曲经典化”历史进程的一个关键环节，它揭示了元曲美学层面的内在体性、特质，也为晚近以来的某些论说埋置了伏笔。
Abstract
This paper sorts out the restorative trend in the Ming Dynasty in terms of the respect for, elaboration on and the creation of the style (zun ti, bian ti and chuang ti) and re-interprets its claims such as promoting the orthodox prosody, appreciating the original tonal quality, and emulating the Yuan-Dynasty style. The respect for the style promoted the reception of the Yuan-Dynasty style of Qu (opera) to the mainstream ideology and literary orthodoxies. The elaboration on the style focuses on establishing uniform aesthetic norms for Qu as a literary genre. The creation of a genre as the "new legend" drama corresponded with the adoption of the Northern Qu which had more strict schemes for tones and rhymes. The paper argues that the trend to restore the ancient standards in the Ming Dynasty was crucial for the canonization of the Yuan-Dynasty dramas, and it not only revealed the inherent aesthetic qualities but also laid the ways for later theoretical elaborations on Chinese dramas.
关键词
曲学 /
复古 /
元曲 /
经典化 /
明代
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
the study of Qu /
restorative trend /
the Yuan-Dynasty opera /
canonization /
the Ming Dynasty
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
蔡毅：《中国古典戏曲序跋汇编》（二）。济南：齐鲁书社，1989年。
[Cai, Yi. Collected Prescripts and Postscripts of Ancient Chinese Drama. Vol. 2. Ji’nan: Qilu Book Company, 1989. ]
陈师道：《后山诗话》，《景印文渊阁四库全书》第1478册。台北：商务印书馆，1983年。
[Chen, Shidao. Poetry Commentaries from Houshan. Wenyuange Edition Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. Vol. 1478. Taibei: The Commercial Press, 1983. ]
都穆 陆采：《都公谭纂》，《四库全书存目丛书》子部第246册。济南：齐鲁书社，1995年。
[Du, Mu, and Lu Cai. Collected Talks by Dugong. Series of Cataloged Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. Masters. Vol. 246. Ji’nan: Qilu Book Company, 1995. ]
何良俊：《曲论》，《中国古典戏曲论著集成》（四）。北京：中国戏剧出版社，1959年。
[He, Liangjun. “On Qu.” Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Drama. Vol. 4. Beijing: China Drama Press, 1959. ]
黄侃：《文心雕龙札记》。上海：上海古籍出版社，2000年。
[Huang, Kan. Reading Notes of The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2000. ]
黄霖编著：《文心雕龙汇评》。上海：上海古籍出版社，2005年。
[Huang, Lin. A Variorum Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2005. ]
黄佐 廖道南：《殿阁词林记》，《丛书集成续编》第254册。台北：新文丰出版公司，1988年。
[Huang, Zuo, and Liao Daonan. “Dian Ge Poetic Records.” A Sequel to Collected Books. Vol. 254. TaIbei: Xinwenfeng Publishing House, 1985. ]
李渔：《闲情偶寄》，《中国古典戏曲论著集成》（七）。北京：中国戏剧出版社，1959年。
[Li, Yu. Casual Expressions of Idle Feelings. Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Drama. Vol. 7. Beijing: China Drama Press, 1959. ]
凌濛初：《谭曲杂札》，《中国古典戏曲论著集成》（四）。北京：中国戏剧出版社，1959年。
[Ling, Mengchu. Notes on Qu. Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Drama. Vol. 4. Beijing: China Drama Press, 1959. ]
吕天成：《曲品校注》，吴书荫校注。北京：中华书局，1990年。
[Lv, Tiancheng. Critical Annotations to Quping. Ed. and Annotated. Wu Shuyin. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1990. ]
宋濂：《洪武圣政记》，《丛书集成新编》第119册。台北：新文丰出版公司，1985年。
[Song, Lian. A Record of the Hongwu Reign. A Sequel to Collected Books. Vol. 119. Taibei: Xinwenfeng Publishing House, 1985. ]
沈宠绥：《度曲须知》，《中国古典戏曲论著集成》（五）。北京：中国戏剧出版社，1959年。
[Shen, Chongsui. Essential Knowledge for Composing Qu. Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Drama. Vol. 5. Beijing: China Drama Publishing House, 1959. ]
沈德符：《顾曲杂言》，《中国古典戏曲论著集成》（四）。北京：中国戏剧出版社，1959年。
[Shen, Defu. Random Remarks on Composing Qu. Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Dram. Vol. 4. Beijing: China Drama Publishing House, 1959. ]
童庆炳 陶东风：《文学经典的建构、解构与重构》。北京：北京大学出版社，2007年。
[Tong, Qingbin and Tao Dongfeng. The Construction, Deconstruction and Reconstruction of Literary Canons. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2007. ]
王国维：《宋元戏曲史》，叶长海导读。上海：上海古籍出版社，1998年。
[Wang, Guowei. A History of the Dramas in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Introduced. Ye Changhai. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1998. ]
王骥德：《曲律》，《中国古典戏曲论著集成》（四）。北京：中国戏剧出版社，1959年。
[Wang, Jide. Principles of Opera Writing. Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Drama. Vol. 4. Beijing: China Drama Publishing House, 1959. ]
王世贞：《曲藻》，《中国古典戏曲论著集成》（四）。北京：中国戏剧出版社，1959年。
[Wang, Shizhen. The Lyrics of Qu. Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Drama. Vol. 4. Beijing: China Drama Publishing House, 1959.]
王中江：“经典的条件：以早期儒家经典的形成为例”，《中国哲学史》2（2002）：48-54。
[Wang, Zhongjiang. “The Conditions for a Canon: Exemplified through the Early Confucian Classics.” History of Chinese Philosophy 2 (2002):48-54. ]
徐朔方：《晚明曲家年谱》（第一卷）。杭州：浙江古籍出版社，1993年。
[Xu, Shuofang. A Chronicle of Dramatists in Late Ming. Vol.1. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House, 1993. ]
徐渭：《南词叙录》，《中国古典戏曲论著集成》（三）。北京：中国戏剧出版社，1959年。
[Xu, Wei. Records of the Southern Ci-Poetry. Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Drama. Vol. 3. Beijing: China Drama Publishing House, 1959. ]
严羽：《沧浪诗话校释》，郭绍虞校释。北京：人民文学出版社，1983年。
[Yan, Yu. Poetry Commentaries from Canglang. Ed. and Annotated. Guo Shaoyu. Beijing: People’s Literature Publishing House, 1983. ]
永瑢 纪昀：《四库全书总目提要》。北京：中华书局，1965年。
[Yong Rong and Ji Yun. Synopsis of Cataloged Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1965. ]
俞为民 孙蓉蓉：《新编中国古典戏曲论著集成》。合肥：黄山书社，2009年。
[Yu, Weimin and Sun Rongrong. A New Compilation of the Collected Critical Works on Ancient Chinese Drama. Hefei: Huangshan Book Company, 2009. ]
张廷玉等：《明史》。北京：中华书局，2000年。
[Zhang, Tingyu, et. al. The History of the Ming Dynasty. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2000. ]
赵令畤：《侯鲭录》，《景印文渊阁四库全书》第1037册。台北：商务印书馆，1983年。
[Zhao, Lingzhi. Records of Delicacies. Wenyuange Edition of Complete Library of the Four Treasuries. Vol. 1037. Taibei: The Commercial Press, 1983. ]
周德清：《中原音韵校本》，张玉来、耿军校。北京：中华书局，2013年。
[Zhou, Deqing. Central Land Prosody. Ed. Zhang Yulai and Geng Jun. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2013. ]
周贻白：《中国戏剧史》。北京：中华书局，1963年。
[Zhou, Yibai. A History of Chinese Theatre. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1963. ]
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
基金
本文为武汉大学人文社科自主科研项目“晚明清初戏曲史料丛考”[项目编号：111274865]的阶段性成果，又受“武汉大学‘70后’学者学术发展计划”支持。
{{custom_fund}}
PDF(5734 KB)
({{custom_author.role_cn}}), {{javascript:window.custom_author_cn_index++;}}
