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文艺理论研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 110-118.

• 专题:乐学与诗(曲)学 • 上一篇    下一篇

“案头”与“场上”——明中叶戏曲创作技术性难题与沈璟的曲学贡献

朱万曙, 朱雯   

  1. 中国人民大学文学院
  • 出版日期:2017-09-25 发布日期:2017-11-26
  • 作者简介:朱万曙,博士,中国人民大学文学院教授,主要从事明清文学、中国古代戏曲研究。 朱雯,清华大学人文学院博士后,从事明清文学文献研究。

Desktop Drama and Stage Drama: Technical Problems of Traditional Chinese Drama in the Mid-Ming Dynasty and Shen Jing's Contribution

Zhu Wanshu, Zhu Wen   

  1. the School of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China
  • Online:2017-09-25 Published:2017-11-26
  • About author:Zhu Wanshu, Ph.D., is a professor at the School of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China, with research interest in the study of Ming and Qing literature, as well as ancient Chinese theatre. Zhu Wen is a postdoctoral fellow in the School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, with research interest in Ming and Qing literature.

摘要: 对于沈璟的曲学,以往学术界较多局限于“汤、沈之争”的思维之中,没有给予足够的重视和客观评价。本文认为:在明代中叶后,不少文人积极创作戏曲作品,但他们没有可以遵依的曲律规范,加之吴中昆山腔兴起,所创作的剧本难以在舞台演出或演唱,因此他们都面临着戏曲创作的“技术性难题”。沈璟针对这一现状,提出了“词人当行,歌客守腔”的理论主张,并通过编纂《南曲全谱》等多种曲学著作,示以范式,化解了戏曲创作的技术性难题,赢得了诸多创作者的推崇,为明代中叶后的戏曲创作做出了重要贡献。

关键词: 沈璟, 技术性难题, 曲学贡献

Abstract: When it comes to Shen Jing's idea of poetic drama writing, scholars used to confine themselves to his controversy with Tang Xianzu, instead of paying sufficient attention to and making objective evaluation of Shen Jing's other ideas. This article argues that though many literati since the mid-Ming Dynasty were active in the creation of xiqu works, the scripts they created were very difficult to be staged and sung, because there were no rules of creation to be followed. They were neither unsuitable for kunju emerged in the Wuzhong area of Suzhou. Therefore, literati were faced with "technical problems" during their creation. To solve such problems, Shen Jing put forward the theoretical proposition that xiqu writers should be proficient in rhythm, and he made paradigmatic demonstrations by compiling various works on poetic drama writing such as The Complete Collection of Tunes of the Southern Drama. Shen Jing won undivided admiration from many drama creators, and made significant contributions in this respect.

Key words: Shen Jing, technical problems, contribution to traditional drama