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文艺理论研究

• “五四文学百年纪念”专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

揭开“唯美”的面纱——西方唯美主义中国传播之反思

蒋承勇, 马翔   

  1. 浙江工商大学西方文学与文化研究院
  • 出版日期:2019-05-25 发布日期:2019-06-28
  • 作者简介:蒋承勇，文学博士，浙江工商大学西方文学与文化研究院教授，主要从事西方文学、比较文学研究。 马翔（本文通讯作者），文学博士，浙江工商大学西方文学与文化研究院助理研究员，主要从事西方文学、比较文学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    本文系国家社科基金重大项目“19世纪西方文学思潮研究”[项目编号：15ZDB086]、浙江省社科规划重大项目“19世纪西方文学思潮经典文献翻译与研究”[项目号：16YSXK11ZD]阶段性成果。

Unveiling Aestheticism: Reflections on the Dissemination of Western Aestheticism in China

Jiang Chengyong, Ma Xiang   

  1. the Institute of Western Literature and Culture at Zhejiang Gongshang University
  • Online:2019-05-25 Published:2019-06-28
  • About author:Jiang Chengyong, Ph. D., is a professor at the Institute of Western Literature and Culture at Zhejiang Gongshang University, with his research focused on Western and comparative literature. Ma Xiang, Ph. D., is an assistant research fellow at the Institute of Western Literature and Culture at Zhejiang Gongshang University. His areas of academic specialty are Western and comparative literature.
  • Supported by:
    the Major Project of National Social Sciences Fund (15ZDB086), and the Major Project of the Humanity and Social Sciences Foundation of Zhejiang Province (16YSXKIIZD).

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摘要： 百余年来，19世纪唯美主义文学思潮在中国的传播、研究尚欠深入，其内涵与外延迄今依然混淆不清。对唯美主义的定义应注意其与美学的内在联系：感性的自觉。从西方唯美主义作品中可以直观地把握“感性认识”的诸种形态，并且由于自然科学与工商文明的影响，作品表现“感性认识”的媒介从自然物转向人造物。通过对感性认识诸形态的描写，唯美主义传达的是个性化的“情调”。19世纪唯美主义思潮的概念可以定义为：在西方现代化转型过程中，艺术家怀着对工业文明、城市文明的震惊与好奇的矛盾心态，自觉探索与表现感性认识可能性的文艺思潮。从其现实表征来看，19世纪唯美主义思潮有四个层次：唯美主义诗学理论；唯美主义创作流派；唯美主义艺术作品；工艺美术运动。

关键词: 唯美主义, 文艺思潮, 感性认识, 颓废, 美学

Abstract: For over a hundred years, nineteenth-century Aestheticism's dissemination in China has been insufficiently examined, which leaves the intension and extension of Aestheticism still unclarified even to date. The key to defining Aestheticism is the concept's inherent link to aesthetics, that is, the self-awareness of sensibility, which explains why numerous forms of perceptual knowledge can be intuitively grasped from the works of Western Aestheticism. However, under the influence of natural sciences as well as the industrial and commercial civilization, the target of perceptual knowledge shifted from natural to artificial objects. Through manifesting the diverse forms of perceptual knowledge, Aestheticism conveys the artists' personalized "sentiment." Therefore, it can be said that nineteenth-century Aestheticism derives from certain artists' self-conscious attempts, during the transformation of modernization, to explore and express the possibilities of perceptual knowledge out of their paradoxical mentality of being shocked by and curious about the industrial and urban civilizations. Specifically, nineteenth-century Aestheticism can be understood on four levels: Aesthetic poetics, Aesthetic schools of art, Aesthetic works of art, and the Arts and Crafts Movement.

Key words: Aestheticism, trend of thought in literature and art, perceptual knowledge, decadence, aesthetics