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文艺理论研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 184-192.

• 西方文论与批评 • 上一篇    下一篇

重写和重写学——后结构主义文学史研究方法探论

肖锦龙   

  1. 南京大学文学院
  • 出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2017-09-30
  • 作者简介:肖锦龙,文学博士,南京大学文学院教授、博导,主要从事西方当代文论和欧美文学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    本文为国家社科基金项目英国后现代小说形式变革研究[项目编号13BWW047]阶段性成果。

Rewriting and Rewritology: A Poststructuralist Approach to Literary History

Xiao Jinlong   

  1. the School of Literary Arts, Nanjing University
  • Online:2016-11-25 Published:2017-09-30
  • About author:Xiao Jinlong, Ph.D., is a professor at the School of Literary Arts, Nanjing University. His academic interests are contemporary Western literary theory and European and American literature.

摘要: 文学史研究是建构文学知识体系的最基本方式。历史上主要有背景主义和形式主义两派。两派各执一端,都有严重缺陷。究其根由,是由两派研究者根深蒂固的逻格斯中心主义二元对立思想方式造成的。如果换一种思路,从后结构主义的二元互补思想观点出发看问题,我们就会看到,所有的文学话语文本都是在重写其他话语文本的基础上形成的。与之相应,最适当的文学史研究方法莫过于集中考察一种文学话语文本与前话语文本之间的动态复杂关系的方法即“重写学”。重写学主要包括辨析一个文学话语文本与前话语文本的异同、解释它为什么重写后者、阐发它的内容和意义价值、确定它的成就和地位等四个环节。它是一种取背景主义和形式主义之长,避二者之短的比较完善的研究方法。

关键词: 文学史, 背景主义, 形式主义, 重写学

Abstract: Research on literary history is the most fundamental way to construct the knowledge system of literature, which is mainly divided historically into two schools: contextualism and formalism. They both have major defects, which are caused by their thinking in logocentric binary opposition. A shift of our perspective to poststructuralist binary complementation may enable us to realize that all texts of literary discourse are formed by a rewriting of other discursive texts. Correspondingly, the most proper approach to literary history is to probe into the dynamic complicated relationship between a text of literary discourse and its pretexts. This approach,termedrewritology,includes four major steps: analyzing the similarities and differences between a literary text and its pretexts; explaining the reason for its rewriting of the latter; elucidating the value of its content and meaning; and determining its achievements and status. It is a comparatively ideal approach that has the best of contextualism and formalism.

Key words: literary history, contextualism, formalism, Rewritology