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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 210-206.

• 古代文论与古代文学的理论研究 • 上一篇    

从“审丑”到“审美”：先秦女性审美原则历史变迁探析

程勇真   

  1. 郑州大学文学院、中原文化资源与发展研究中心
  • 出版日期:2015-09-25 发布日期:2017-09-16
  • 作者简介:程勇真，博士，郑州大学文学院、中原文化资源与发展研究中心讲师，主要从事中国美学研究。

Historical Changes of the Concept of Female Beauty in the Pre-Qin Period from the Appreciation of Ugliness to Beauty

Cheng Yongzhen   

  1. the School of Arts, and the Research Center of Zhongyuan Cultural Resource and Development, Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou 450001, China)
  • Online:2015-09-25 Published:2017-09-16
  • About author:Cheng Yongzhen, Ph.D., is a lecturer in the School of Arts, and the Research Center of Zhongyuan Cultural Resource and Development, Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou 450001, China), with research focus on Chinese aesthetics.

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摘要： 先秦时期的女性审美原则经历了从“审丑”到“审美”的重大历史变迁。史前时期的女性审美形象是“丑陋健硕”的，她们主要体现了大母神的生殖功能和死亡功能，体现了“母亲原则”的胜利。夏商时期的女性审美形象是“美丑合一”的，主要随着父权制的建立，女性开始由审美主体变为审美客体，由“母亲审美”转变为“少女审美”。并且，女性审美不仅逐渐走向审美化，且日益走向道德化。这在一定意义上体现了“少女原则”的胜利。周代文化是以德性文化及礼乐文化为主体的文化，这时成熟的父权制文化已经建立，女性的审美形象是“品貌唯美”的。周代女性审美首先要德性美，其次要形体美，第三要气质美。先秦女性审美原则的历史变迁映射了当时的时代特征与社会变革的轨迹，以及文化思潮的流变，其文化理论意义是深远的。

关键词: 先秦女性, 丑陋健硕, 美丑合一, 品貌唯美

Abstract: The concept of female beauty in the Pre-Qin period underwent a great historical change from the appreciation of "the ugly" to that of "the beautiful." The image of beautiful females in the prehistoric age was characteristically "ugly and muscular," highlighting the reproductive function and death function of the Great Mother, and could be argued to be the embodiment of the victory of "the mother principle." The beautiful and the ugly were blended in the image of the female beauty in the Xia-Shang period, which was mainly because the establishment of patriarchy had turned the female from aesthetic subject into aesthetic object and resulted in the shift from "mother aesthetic" to "maiden aesthetic" and the gradual moralization of the aesthetic concept of the female. This could be argued as the victory of "maiden principle." The culture of Zhou Dynasty was based on morality and ritual and music orthodoxy, and the maturity of patriarchal culture required the concept of the female beauty to be equally moral and physical. Virtues were prioritized over physicality and demeanor. The historical change of the concept of female beauty in the Pre-Qin period mapped the characteristics and the trajectory of social changes at that time, and reflected the transformation of cultural trends.

Key words: the female in the Pre-Qin period, the ugly and muscular, the integration of the beautiful and the ugly, equal beauty of virtue and physicality