王元化文论方法演化释证——以“与日丹诺夫主义的关系”为纲

文艺理论研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 114-127.

王元化文论方法演化释证——以“与日丹诺夫主义的关系”为纲

夏中义

上海交通大学中文系

出版日期:2012-01-25 发布日期:2012-03-24
作者简介:夏中义，教授，上海交通大学中文系，研究方向：20世纪中国文艺理论史案。

On the Evolution of Wang Yuanhua's Methodology for Literary Theory

Xia Zhongyi

the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Online:2012-01-25 Published:2012-03-24
About author:Xia Zhongyi is a professor with the Department of Chinese Language and Literature at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. His main academic interest is Chinese literary theory of the 20th century.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 九十年代以前，学界大体认王元化是学贯中西的文艺理论家。然学界大多忽略，真正纵贯王元化文论演化七十年的思辨方法，是源自前苏联的“日丹诺夫主义”。王元化撰于1939-1940年的《鲁迅与尼采》《现实主义论》证明“日丹诺夫主义”是其初述文论的理论基点。以1943年为时间起点的“第一次反思”，表明王元化开始质疑“日丹诺夫主义”有掩抑作家人格力量之嫌，但并未提升到方法论水平去否定“日丹诺夫主义”，这就为其六十年代撰《文心雕龙创作论》时全线复活“日丹诺夫主义”埋下伏笔。1976年王元化从黑格尔美学觅得“知性不能把握美”与“情志”两大命题，本可在理论上一举掀翻“日丹诺夫主义”的文艺“本质论”和文艺“功能论”，从而成为改写中国现代文论史进程的领军人物，但因其当年受囿于“日丹诺夫主义”的那块反映论哲学短板，故痛失历史机遇。

关键词: 王元化, 文论方法, 演化, 日丹诺夫主义

Abstract: When Wang Yuanhua was widely acclaimed as a distinguished literary theorist who excelled in both Chinese and Western theories before the 90s, scholars tended to neglect the fact that Zhdanovism which originated from the former Soviet Union had always been his guiding principle and methodology all through his academic career. When he first embarked on literary theory, Zhdanovism was his main theoretical anchor which can be evidenced by his works like Luxun and Nietzsche and On Realism which were produced in 1939 and 1940 respectively.He began to reflect upon Zhdanovism in 1943 for he found that Zhdanovism tend to impair the individuality of the writers. Regretfully he didn't negate Zhdanovism from a methodological level, which paves the way for its revival when he wrote his On the Creation of "The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragon". In 1976, his familiarity with the insights of Hegel could have aided him in subverting Zhdanov's notion about the essence and function of literature and art, thus rewriting the history of modern Chinese literary theory. However, this chance is lost owing to his limitations resulted from his intimacy with Zhdanovism.

Key words: Wang Yuanhua, methods of the literary theory, evolution, Zhdanovism

中图分类号:

夏中义. 王元化文论方法演化释证——以“与日丹诺夫主义的关系”为纲[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2012, 32(1): 114-127.

Xia Zhongyi. On the Evolution of Wang Yuanhua's Methodology for Literary Theory[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2012, 32(1): 114-127.

1 戴维•麦克莱伦：《马克思以后的马克思主义》，余其铨、赵常林译。北京：中国社会科学出版社，1987。

   [Mclellan, David. Marxism after Marx. Trans. Yu, Qiquan and Zhao Changlin. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1987.]
2 方典（王元化）：《向着真实》。上海：新文艺出版社，1952。

   [Fangdian (aka. Wang Yuanhua). Toward Truth. Shanghai: New Literature and Art Publishing House, 1952.]
3 何典（王元化）：《文艺漫谈》。上海：通惠印书馆，1947。

   [Hedian (aka. Wang Yuanhua). On Literature and Arts. Shanghai: Tonghui Publishing House, 1947]
4 日丹诺夫：《在关于亚历山大洛夫著<西欧哲学史>一书讨论会上的发言》，《关于<星>和<列宁格勒>两杂志的报告》见《论文学与艺术》，李立三译。北京，人民文学出版社，1959。

   [Zhdanov. “Speech in the Discussion of Aleksandrov’s History of Western European Philosophy” and “Speech on the Journals Zvezda and Leningrad”. On Literature and Art. Trans. Li Lisan. Beijing: People’s Literature Publishing House, 1959.]
5 李泽厚：《美学论集》。上海文艺出版社，1980。

   [Le Zehou. Essays on Aesthetics. Shanghai: Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House, 1980.]
6 刘小枫：《诗化哲学》。山东文艺出版社，1986。

   [Liu Xiaofeng. The German Poetry of Philosophy. Jinan: Shandong Literature and Art Publishing House, 1986.]
7 刘再复：《胡绳纪实》，《师友纪事》。北京：生活•读书•新知三联书店，2011。

   [Liu, Zaifu. The Life Story of Hu Sheng and Memories of My Teachers and Friends. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 2011.]
8 林焕平：《林焕平译文集》卷二，译序。海口：南方出版社，1998。

   [Lin, Huanping. A Collection of Lin Huanping’s Works of Translation. Vol. 2. Haikou: Southern China Publishing House, 1998.]
9 罗森塔尔、尤金：《简明哲学辞典》，中共中央马恩列斯著作编译局译。北京：生活•读书•新知三联书店，1973。

   [Rozental, Mark Moiseevich and Pavel Fedorovich Iudin, eds. Trans. Central Compilation and Traslation Bureau. A Concise Dictionary of Philosophy. Beijing: SDX Joint Publishing Company, 1973.]
10 王元化：《关于当前文学研究中的两个问题——在中国<文心雕龙>学会第二次年会上的讲话》，载《安徽师范大学学报》1986年第三期。[Wang, Yuanhua. “Speech on Two Problems in Contemporary Literary Studies”. Journal of Anhui Normal University, 3 (1986): 1-5.]
11 王元化：《王元化集》总序。武汉：湖北教育出版社，2007。[Wang, Yuanhua. Introduction. A Collection of Wang Yuanhua’s Works. By Wang Yuanhua. Wuhan: Hubei Education Press, 2007.]

12 王元化：《思辨录》自序。上海：古籍出版社，2004。[Wang, Yuanhua. Introduction. Sibianlu. By Wang Yuanhua. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2004.]

13 王元化：《读黑格尔》。北京：新星出版社，2006。[Wang, Yuanhua. On Hegel. Beijing: New Star Press, 2006.]

14 王元化：《文学沉思录》。上海：上海文艺出版社，1982。[Wang, Yuanhua. Reflections on Literature. Shanghai: Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House, 1982.]

15 王元化：《文心雕龙创作论》。上海：古籍出版社，1979。[Wang, Yuanhua. On the Creation of “The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragon”. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1979.]