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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 162-173.

• 古代文论与古代文学的理论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

独孤及、梁肃、权德舆三家文学本体论试述——围绕言志、缘情之说及文道观的发展

刘青海   

  1. 北京语言大学首都国际文化研究基地

  • 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-27
  • 作者简介:刘青海，文学博士，北京语言大学首都国际文化研究基地教授，主要从事中古诗歌史和中古文学史研究。
  • 基金资助:

    本文系北京语言大学校级科研项目（中央高校基本科研业务专项资金）资助项目[项目批准号：21PT03]的阶段性成果。

The Development of Yanzhi,Yuanqing, Wendaoguan: The Essence of Literature According to Dugu Ji, Liang Su, and Quan Deyu

Liu Qinghai   

  1.  premodern Chinese literature at Capital International Cultural Research Base of the Beijing Language and Culture University

  • Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-27
  • About author:Liu Qinghai, Ph.D., is professor of premodern Chinese literature at Capital International Cultural Research Base of the Beijing Language and Culture University. Her main research interest is the history of medieval poetry.
  • Supported by:

    This article is supported by Science Foundation of Beijing Language and Culture University (The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities) (21PT03).

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摘要：

中唐时代，随着近体诗的继续发展，尤其是齐梁体的流行，缘情之说有了重新流行的趋势。独孤及标举以王道教化为本的言志论，梁肃提倡“先道德而后文学”，都属于古文家一派的文学本体论；但他们在发展传统言志、比兴之说的同时，也使用六朝以来流行的缘情说。权德舆对独孤及的言志论有较多的继承，但他倡言“缘情放言”，肯定“丽藻”“清词”，甚至有“焕然丽藻，丕变时风”的表述，结合其创作来看，其本体论总体上是偏重于缘情说的。在这种复杂、多重的表述语境中，不但传统上被视为正宗的言志说获得新义，更重要的是被视为六朝绮靡诗风之根源的缘情说也被赋予了新内容。某种意义上可以说，在中唐诗文创作的实践中，言志、缘情两说得到了新的统一。

关键词:

文学本体论, 言志, 缘情, 文道观, 独孤及, 权德舆

Abstract:

In the mid-Tang dynasty, the theory of yuanqing (conveying emotions) was popular again, due to the further development of jintishi (regulated verse), especially the qiliangti (a popular style of poetry in the Qi and Liang dynasties). As authors of ancient-style prose, Dugu Ji and Liang Su advocated that the essence of literature was yanzhi (expressing aspiration). In Dugu’s opinion, aspiration expressed in literature should embody the Confucian morality. In the same vein, Liang “prioritized morality over literature”. Both, however, also followed the tradition of yuanqing in the Six dynasties, while developing the traditional ideas of yanzhi and bixing (metonymy and metaphor). Although Quan Deyu inherited the theory of yanzhi greatly from Dugu Ji, he advocated “conveying emotions heartily”, approved florid rhetoric, and even claimed that “florid rhetoric has changed the poetic style of the times”. Considered together with his other writings, the essence of literature according to Quan Deyu was largely more inclined to yuanqing. In such a complex context with multiple pursuits, the interpretation of traditionally orthodox yanzhi was further enriched; and more importantly, a new meaning was given to yuanqing that had traditionally been seen as the source of the ornate style in the Six dynasties. It can be said that at some point the theories of yanzhi and yuanqing were unified again in the writing of poetry and prose in the mid-Tang dynasty.

Key words: essence of literature;yanzhi, yuanqing, wendaoguan<;view on the relationship between literature and Confucian;morality, Dugu Ji, Quan Deyu