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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 152-161.

• 专题：剧场问题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

共同体探索——欧美先锋戏剧的“集体剧场”与“表演性转向”

高子文   

  1. 南京大学文学院戏剧影视艺术系

  • 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-27
  • 作者简介:高子文，文学博士，南京大学文学院戏剧影视艺术系副教授，主要从事欧美戏剧、中国现当代戏剧研究。
  • 基金资助:

    本文由中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金［项目编号：010114370121］资助。

Practicing a Community: Collectives of Western Avant-Garde Theatre and Its Performative Turn

Gao Ziwen   

  1. the School of Liberal Arts, Nanjing University

  • Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-27
  • About author:Gao Ziwen, Ph.D., is an associate professor at the School of Liberal Arts, Nanjing University. His area of academic specialty includes European and American theatre, and modern and contemporary Chinese theatre.
  • Supported by:

    This article is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (010114370121).

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摘要：

欧美先锋戏剧的“集体剧场”实践是对共同体的一次探索。“集体剧场”借用阿尔托的戏剧思想，通过仪式性的呈现，打破传统观演关系，构建出一个观演共同体；剧团的成员们以集体即兴的方式排练与创作，废除等级关系，追求一个平等与自由的艺术家共同体；“集体剧场”促成了菲舍尔-利希特所说的剧场艺术的“表演性转向”。以行为艺术为代表的新的戏剧形态比“集体剧场”更集中地致力于展现一个动态的表演过程，它提供了共同体探索的新路径。

关键词:

集体剧场, 先锋戏剧, 共同体, 表演性

Abstract:

The collectives of Western avant-garde theatre were an attempt to practice an ideal community. By borrowing from Antonin Artaud’s innovative ideas of theatre, they employed a ritualistic presentation to alter the traditional performer-spectator relationship and further to construct a new community involving both parties. Members of the collectives used collective improvisations during their rehearsals and creations, aiming at eliminating hierarchical relationship as well as building an artist community of equality and freedom. The collectives contributed to what Erika Fisher-Lichte referred to as the “performative turn” of theatre arts. The new form of theatre represented by “performance art” is more focused on showing a dynamic performance process than the collectives, which provides a new way to exploring “community.”

Key words: collective, avant-garde theatre, community, performativity