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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 167-178.

• 古代文论 • 上一篇    下一篇

毛奇龄《西厢记》评点的“词例”论——对元杂剧批评范式的奠定

杨绪容   

  1. 上海大学文学院
  • 出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-03-23
  • 作者简介:杨绪容，文学博士，上海大学文学院教授，主要从事中国古代戏曲小说研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目“明清戏曲评点整理与研究”[编号18ZDA252]

Mao Qiling’s Comments on The Romance of the West Chamber and the Value of His Concept of “Lyric Example” in Literary Criticism

Yang Xurong   

  1. College of Chinese Language and Literature, Shanghai University
  • Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-03-23
  • About author:Yang Xurong, Ph.D, is a professor at the College of Chinese Language and Literature, Shanghai University. Her research interests include drama and fiction during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
  • Supported by:
    the Major Projects of National Social Science Fund (18ZDA252)

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摘要： 清初毛奇龄特地拈出“词例”作为评点《西厢记》的核心范畴。毛氏“词例”论多方面阐释了《西厢记》所有且兼通于一般元杂剧的语言、曲律、体制、表演的特点，论析了与之对应的批评标准与方法，初步奠定了元杂剧批评的基本范式，标志了清初戏曲批评的又一座高峰。毛氏提出“词例”论，其宗旨不仅在于为《西厢记》批评立范，还在于为元杂剧乃至中国戏曲批评立范，其中寄寓了他建设中国戏曲批评理论的自觉努力。毛氏“词例”论在中国文学批评史上具有重要意义，值得当今学术界深切关注。

关键词: 词例, 毛奇龄, 《西厢记》评点, 文学批评史价值

Abstract: Theatre critics of the Ming dynasty spoke only occasionally about the “example (li)” of the Yuan-dynasty plays (za ju). In early Qing dynasty, Mao Qiling proposed “lyric example (ci li)” as the primary commentary approach to The Romance of the West Chamber. The concept of “lyric” refers to the Yuan-dynasty plays, and the concept of “example” refers to the conventions, commonalities, laws and paradigms. Mao's concept of “lyric example” provided a comprehensive analysis of the language, the temperament, the system, and the performance as well as the critical standards in evaluating not only The Romance of the West Chamber but also the Yuan-dynasty plays in general. Mao’s concept was used both to criticize The Romance of the West Chamber but also to establish the norms for the Yuan-dynasty plays and even for Chinese plays in general. In other words， Mao’s engagement with The Romance of the West Chamber is his effort to establish a general theory for the criticism of Chinese theatre. Mao’s concept of “lyric example” is of great significance in the history of classical Chinese literary criticism and deserves great attention in contemporary scholarship.

Key words: lyric example (ci li), Mao Qiling, comments on The Romance of the West Chamber, value in literary criticism history