蒙学传统与百年中国语文教育的反思

文艺理论研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 148-155.

蒙学传统与百年中国语文教育的反思

朱子辉

中国人民大学文学院

出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2017-09-30
作者简介:朱子辉，文学博士，中国人民大学文学院副教授，主要致力于古代蒙学经典、唐诗语言学批评等多方面的研究。
基金资助:
本文是中国人民大学科研基金重大项目“唐诗音律的文学与审美研究”[项目批准号：15XNL027]的应用型成果之一。

The Primer Tradition and Reflections on Chinese Education over the Past 100 Years

Zhu Zihui

College of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China( Beijing 100872, China)

Online:2016-11-25 Published:2017-09-30
About author:Zhu Zihui, Ph.D., is an associate professor in College of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of China (Beijing 100872, China). His research interests cover classics of ancient initiation education, Tang poetry criticism and linguistics.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： “以乐语教国子”，一直是中国古代蒙学的一大特点和优秀传统。它在各类蒙学文本的编撰上，具体地表现为语词的对仗与韵语的串联。这种整齐骈偶的句式结构与前后音声相应的韵语形式，从根本上来说，源于古人对中国语言文字特性的深刻领悟。而在实际的蒙学教育中，它又不仅满足了儿童“乐学”的心理需求，更让他们从小就得到一种汉语言文化的美学濡染。然而颇为遗憾的是，在最近百年语文教育现代化的演进历程中，随着国人对国外各种教育思想的简单移植与片面吸收，这一优秀的蒙学传统几乎丧失殆尽。重新正视古代蒙学教育的优秀传统，有助于我们更深刻地反思百年中国语文教育改革的利弊得失，从而为未来的语文教育改革提供理论基础和历史借鉴。

关键词: 蒙学传统, 语文教育, 韵语串联, 语词对仗

Abstract: "Initiating Children's literacy by musical language" has been an important characteristic and fine tradition of elementary Chinese education in ancient China. In primers of this kind, it is characterized by syntactical antithesis and rhyming which were derived from the profound understanding of the ancients about the characteristics of the Chinese language. In the elementary education, it not only satisfies children's "willingness and readiness" to learn, but also exposes them to the aesthetic of Chinese language and culture. However, unfortunately, in the past one hundred years, due to the unscrupulous transplant or absorption of foreign education thought, the fine primer tradition in the Chinese language education has almost disappeared. A rethinking of this tradition can help us better reflect upon the achievements and deficiencies of the reform of the Chinese language education over the past century in hopes of offering theoretical rationale and a historical framework of reference for future Chinese language education reform in China.

Key words: The tradition of initiation education, Chinese education, rhyming words in series, the poetic balance of the expression

朱子辉. 蒙学传统与百年中国语文教育的反思[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2016, 36(6): 148-155.

Zhu Zihui. The Primer Tradition and Reflections on Chinese Education over the Past 100 Years[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2016, 36(6): 148-155.

程端礼:《程氏家塾读书分年日程》卷一。北京:中华书局,1985年。[Cheng,Duanli.The Yearly Reading Catalogue of Cheng’s Family,Vol.1.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1985.]
徐梓王雪梅:《蒙学要义·幼训》。太原:山西教育出版社,1991年。[Xu,Zi,and Wang Xuemei.The Essentials of Literacy Education,Early Training.Taiyuan:Shanxi Education Publishing House,1991.]
卢辩注孔广森补:《大戴礼记补注·一》,北京:商务印书馆,1939。[Lu,Bian,and Kong Guangsen,annotate.The Book of Rites Edited by the Dais.Beijing:Commercial Press,1939.]
段玉裁:《说文解字注》。上海:上海古籍出版社,1988年。[Duan,Yucai.Annotation on Shuowen Jiezi.Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1988.]
黄寿祺张善文:《十三经译注·周易译注》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2004年。[Huang,Shouqi,and Zhang Shanwen.Thirteen Classics and Explanatory Notes/Textual Interpretations of Zhouyi.Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,2004.]
何晏等注,邢昺疏:《论语注疏》。上海:上海古籍出版社,1990年。[He,Yan,and Xing Bing.AnnotatedConfucian Analects.Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,1990.]
范宁:《春秋谷梁传》。爱如生中华基本古籍库。[Fan,Ning.Guliangzhuan.The libraries of ancient Chinese books developed by Erudition.]
李民王健:《十三经译注·尚书译注》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2004年。[Li,Min,and Wang Jian.Thirteen Classics Explanatory Notes/Textual Interpretations to The Book of Ancient History.Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,2004.]
李伟注释:《声律启蒙弟子规》,武汉:崇文书局,2015年.[Li,Wei,tran and anno.ABC of Sound Meters in Chinese Poetry.Norms for Being a Good Pupil and Child.Wuhan:Chongwen Book strore.2015.]
刘维主编:《朱子家训增广贤文》(图文本)。哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,2015年。[Liu,Wei,ed.The Family Instructions of Zhu Xi.Popular Collection of Traditional Chinese Wise Saying(Illustrated.)Harbin:Heilong jiang science and Technology Press,2015.]
蒲卫忠:《中国古代蒙学教育》。北京:中国城市出版社,1996年。[Pu,Weizhong.The Literary Education in Ancient China.Beijing:City Publishing House of China,1996.]
苏洵:《嘉祐集》(全四册)。北京:北京图书馆出版社,2004年。[Su,Xun.A Collection of the Jiauou Period.Beijing:Beijing Library Publishing House,2004.]
王元化:《王元化文集·思辨录》。武汉:湖北教育出版社,2007年。[Wang,Yuanhua.Collected Works of Wang Yuanhua/Reflections.Wuhan:Hubei Education Publishing House,2007.]
徐梓:《中华蒙学读物通论》。北京:中华书局,2014年。[Xu,Zi.The General Theory of the TraditionalC hinese Primers.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2014.]
杨天宇:《十三经译注·礼记译注》。上海:上海古籍出版社,2004年。[Yang,Tianyu.Thirteen Classics Explanatory Notes/Textual Interpretations to The Book of Rites.Shanghai:Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House,2004.]
黄公渚选注:《周礼》,王云五、朱经农主编。北京:商务印书馆,1936年。[Wang,Yunwu,and Zhu Jingnong,ed.Rites of Zhou with Textual Interpretations of Huang Gong zhu.Beijing:Commercial Press,1936.]
张志公:《传统语文教育初探》。上海:上海教育出版社,1979年。[Zhang,Zhigong.A Tentative Exploration of the Traditional Chinese Education.Shanghai:Shanghai Educational Publishing House,1979.]
---:《传统语文教育教材论》。北京:中华书局,2013年。[---.A Study of Textbooks for Traditional Chinese Education.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2013.]
(1)张志公先生所作之序文,详见宋洪乔桑主编:《蒙学全书》(长春:吉林文史出版社,1991年)第1页。
(2)参见《周礼·保氏》《汉书·艺文志》《汉书·食货志》《说文解字叙》等文献中的相关论述。
(3)参见苏洵:《送石昌言使北引》一文,《嘉祐集》(北京:北京图书馆出版社,2004年)。
(4)参见元人程端礼:《程氏家塾读书分年日程》卷一(北京:中华书局,1985年)。
(5)参见徐梓、王雪梅:《蒙学要义·幼训》(太原:山西教育出版社,1991年)。