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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 20-25.

• 西方文论与美学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

跨文化视野下的美学

斯蒂芬·戴维斯
  

  1. 新西兰奥克兰大学
  • 出版日期:2016-01-25 发布日期:2017-09-22
  • 作者简介:斯蒂芬·戴维斯（Stephen Davies），新西兰奥克兰大学哲学教授。研究兴趣集中于艺术哲学以及艺术在人类进化中的作用，近著包括《有艺术的物种：美学、艺术与进化》（牛津大学，2012年）以及《艺术哲学》（Wiley-Blackwell，2016年）。

Aesthetics in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Stephen Davies   

  1. University of Auckland
  • Online:2016-01-25 Published:2017-09-22
  • About author:Stephen Davies is a professor of philosophy, University of Auckland. He writes extensively on the philosophy of art and on art's role in human evolution; his recent publications include The Artful Species: Aesthetics, Art and Evolution (Oxford UP, 2012) and The Philosophy of Art (Wiley-Blackwell 2016).

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摘要： 本文试图调和两种看似相对的观点。艺术作品深植于关涉文化的艺术史语境，不考虑这些语境便无法充分理解艺术作品。艺术作品处理诸如战争与和平这类普遍而永恒的人类主题，并将这些主题调整得能适应于共同的生理感知系统。前者说明我们在跨文化语境下理解和欣赏艺术所遇到的困难；不过，后者标明某种程度的跨文化艺术欣赏是可能的。媒介提出挑战也带来可能，我们对此的把握有助于我们理解这些媒介构建的其它文化的艺术 。阅读有助于人们理解另一社会的艺术，而更加激进的文化浸濡则会走得更远。我们对旧石器时代后期的岩洞艺术缺少更广阔的背景知识，因此这艺术就成了一个极端的个案：我们能够知道其地点以及部分内容，然而我们却无法进一步更深层地欣赏性把握它。

关键词: 艺术, 欣赏, 跨文化, 普世价值

Abstract: In this paper I attempt reconcile two apparently opposed views: artworks are embedded in culturally relative art-historical contexts and cannot be fully understood without an awareness of these contexts, yet artworks trade in themes that are universally and perennially of human interest, such as war and peace, and shape these to cater to shared, biologically based perceptual systems. The first explains some of the difficulties we face in understanding and appreciating art cross-culturally. The second indicates why, nevertheless, a degree of cross-cultural artistic appreciation is possible. As well, our grasp of the challenges and possibilities of the media from which art is constructed help us to comprehend the art of other cultures. It is possible to improve one's understanding of the art of another society by reading about it, and to go yet further via more radical cultural immersion. Because of our ignorance of its wider context, the cave art of the Upper Paleolithic is an extreme case: we can locate the art and some of its content but are denied a deeper, more appreciative grasp of it.

Key words: art, appreciation, cross-cultural, human universals