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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 63-75.

• 古代文论与古代文学的理论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

金元叙事散曲与早期杂剧剧本的编写形态——以散曲的叙事主人公与杂剧的主唱人比较为中心

徐大军   

  1. 杭州师范大学人文学院
  • 出版日期:2017-09-25 发布日期:2018-10-17
  • 作者简介:徐大军，文学博士，杭州师范大学人文学院教授，主要从事中国古代小说戏曲研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金一般项目“宋元通俗叙事文体与故事讲唱形态的文本化研究”[项目编号：14BZW066]的阶段性成果

The Play-text Forms of Early Zaju and Narrative Sanqu in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties

Xu Dajun   

  1. School of Humanities at Hangzhou Normal University
  • Online:2017-09-25 Published:2018-10-17
  • About author:Xu Dajun, Ph.D., is a professor in the School of Humanities at Hangzhou Normal University, with research focus on classical Chinese drama and fiction.
  • Supported by:
    the National Social Science Fund for Major Project (No. 15ZDB074) and the National Social Science Fund (No. 14BZW066).

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摘要： “叙事主人公”的设置是金元叙事散曲的曲文叙事体制的本质性、核心性要素，它需要在故事情境中设置一个第一人称身份的叙述人，并以其视角、立场来叙述故事的发展进程。比较而言，元杂剧曲词则由“主唱人”（正末或正旦）来负责表述，“主唱人”以第一人称身份装扮成故事中的人物而做代言体的曲唱，他既是杂剧曲词的叙述人，也是杂剧故事的主人公，故而是杂剧曲词的“叙事主人公”。叙事散曲和杂剧曲词都需要作者在一个故事情境中、以叙事主人公的立场来拟编叙事性质的曲词，二者在叙事体制上并无本质的割裂，只是杂剧曲词被纳入到脚色扮演体制中来使用了。叙事散曲、杂剧曲词的这种文本属性和编写情况提示我们，金元杂剧的早期剧本，当是与组套体叙事散曲相类的文本形态，它承自宋代就已出现的书面编写的“杂剧词”。

关键词: 叙事散曲, 杂剧曲词, 叙事主人公, 主唱人, 早期杂剧剧本

Abstract: The setting of the recitative protagonist is the core of Sanqu's narrative in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, who is a firstperson narrator undertaking responsibility for chanting the progression of story with his vision and position. Similarly, the leading singer (Zhengmo or Zhengdan) of Zaju is also a first-person protagonist who undertakes responsibility for chanting the whole librettos of a play-text, so he should be a recitative protagonist of librettos of Zaju. With a comparison of the librettos of Zaju's text attribute and the play-text forms with those of narrative Sanqu, we find that the play-texts of early Zaju have the same text form as the joint-structure narrative Sanqu, which is an inheritance from the written Zajuci that appeared in the Song Dynasty.

Key words: narrative Sanqu, librettos of Zaju, recitative protagonist, the lead singer, play-text of early Zaju