“曲”变为“词”：长短句韵文之演进

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国古代歌唱之歌辞，自其文体形式看，可分齐言、杂言（长短句）两类。初唐“沈宋体”的出现标志着齐言韵文格律化的完成，而杂言（长短句）韵文的格律化中晚唐以后也渐次展开。如果我们把未格律化、规范化的长短句界定为“曲”、格律化的长短句界定为“词”，那么千余年来长短句韵文的演进实即“曲”不断变为“词”的过程。数百年来，“诗变为词”“词变为曲”乃是人们述及诗词曲嬗变的流行性观念，对此我们自应抱“了解之同情”，但不必以古人之是非为是非。

关键词: 曲变为词, 词变为曲, 宋词, 元曲, 南北曲

Abstract: The lyrics for singing in the ancient Chinese literature, in terms of stylistic form, falls into two types: qiyan (lines of regular lengths) and zayan (lines of irregular lengths). In the early Tang period, Shen Quanqi and Song Zhiwen established the versification of qiyan poetry, while the regulating course of zayan poetry began in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty. If the unregulated zayan poetry can be defined as Qu (the later opera verse) and the regulated zayan poetry as Ci (fixed rhythm lyrics), the evolution of zayan (the verse with irregular lines) in the past thousand-odd years was following a trajectory from Qu to Ci. While it was generally accepted in the study of Chinese poetry that the regulated poetry evolved into fixed rhythm lyrics and then into the opera verse, the paper proposes that "the established view" in the past several hundred years should be regarded with respect but not accepted without reservation.

Key words: Qu evolving into Ci, Ci evolving into Qu, the Song-Dynasty Ci (fixed rhythm lyrics), the Yuan-Dynasty Qu (opera verse), the Southern and Northern Qu (unregulated verse of irregular lines)

解玉峰. “曲”变为“词”：长短句韵文之演进[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2014, 34(2): 151-162.

Xie Yufeng. The Evolution of the Verse of Irregular Lines from the Unregulated to the Regulated Verse with Irregular Lines[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2014, 34(2): 151-162.

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“曲”变为“词”：长短句韵文之演进

The Evolution of the Verse of Irregular Lines from the Unregulated to the Regulated Verse with Irregular Lines

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