论辞与赋——从文体渊源与文学方法两方面着眼

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文认为，辞与赋原为两种古老的体裁，各自开始于口头文学时代。辞渊源于“祝史陈辞”、行人辞令等体，屈原的《离骚》《九章》等作品与祝史陈辞有渊源关系。辞赋两体自宋玉、唐勒至汉初贾谊，开始合流，至汉代赋体大兴，辞名隐而赋名显，然汉人仍多以辞赋合称。然辞赋不仅是两种文体之名，更是两种文法之名。辞赋两法都始于口传时代，至辞赋合流后成为赋体文学的两种基本的表现方法。但不同赋作、不同阶段的辞赋，其在使用辞法与使用赋法上是各有侧重的。这应该是我们认识赋史，评论赋艺的重要的考察点。赋代表了文人文学最早成熟的一种文学方法，同时也是最早追求的一种审美理想。

关键词: 辞, 赋, 祝史陈辞, 楚辞, 汉赋

Abstract: The paper argues that ci (poetic prose) and fu (rhymed prose) were two different genres, each originated from its oral tradition. Ci, a form of poetic prose, originated from various stylistic writings such as ritual presentation on sacrifice and historical events and ambassadors' orations, while Encountering Sorrow by Qu Yuan (343-278 BC) and Nine Songs from the Songs of the South from were related with them. Ci and Fu became merged into one genre at the hands of Song Yu (ca. 298-222 BC), Tang Le (ca. 290-223 BC) and Jia Yi (200-168 BC), and to the time of the Han Dynasty, the Great Fu (rhapsody) became to replace the general term of Ci-Fu. The paper argues that ci and fu are not only two different styles but also two different genres, and they each had different ways of composition at different stages of development. Fu, after taking place the earlier general term of Ci-Fu, developed in the Han Dynasty into the earliest form of the refined writing (literati's writing) and represented the highest aesthetic pursuit of the men of letters.

Key words: Ci (poetic prose); Fu (rhymed prose), ritual presentation, Chu Ci (Verses of the South), the Han-Dynasty rhapsody

钱志熙. 论辞与赋——从文体渊源与文学方法两方面着眼[J]. 文艺理论研究, 2014, 34(2): 56-65.

Qian Zhixi. On the Stylistic Origins and Literary Forms of Ci and Fu[J]. Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art, 2014, 34(2): 56-65.

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论辞与赋——从文体渊源与文学方法两方面着眼

On the Stylistic Origins and Literary Forms of Ci and Fu

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