欢迎访问《文艺理论研究》，
文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 1-10.

• 文化研究 •    下一篇

超越集体主义与个人主义的二元对立——对“集体记忆”概念的反思

陶东风   

  1. 广州大学人文学院

  • 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-26
  • 作者简介:陶东风，广州大学人文学院教授，广州大学粤港澳大湾区语言服务与文化传承研究中心研究员，主要从事文学理论和当代中国文化研究。

Beyond the Binary Opposition between Collectivism and Individualism: A Reflection on the Concept of Collective Memory

Tao Dongfeng   

  1. School of Humanities and director of the Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies, Guangzhou University

  • Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-26
  • About author:Tao Dongfeng is a professor at the School of Humanities and director of the Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies, Guangzhou University. His research interests include literary theory and contemporary Chinese cultural studies.

PDF (PC)

70

摘要：

自哈布瓦赫提出“集体记忆”概念后，关于个体记忆和集体记忆的关系问题一直充满争议。文学之所以无法回避这个问题，乃是因为文学恰好是集体记忆与个体记忆相遇的典型场域。有趣的是，在两种有代表性的对集体记忆概念的质疑中，双方的立场和观点正好相反：保罗·康纳顿认为，哈布瓦赫只是将集体视作制约个体记忆的框架，而非记忆主体；而桑塔格等则指责集体记忆概念忽视了个体记忆的差别，有社会决定论倾向。但吊诡的是，双方都持有集体与个体的二元论，具有本质主义的倾向，即忽视了集体记忆与个体记忆的相互渗透和交融。

关键词:

text-indent:-6.9000pt, "> 集体记忆； 个体记忆； 哈布瓦赫； 阿斯曼； 文学体裁；自传体写作

Abstract:

Since Maurice Halbwachs put forward the concept of collective memory, the relationship between individual memory and collective memory has been under debate. Literary study cannot avoid this issue as literature is a typical field of contestation between collective memory and individual memory. Interestingly, the two representative theories that doubt collective memory have opposite views. Paul Connerton argues that Halbwachs only takes the collective as the restrictive framework for individual memory rather than as the subject of individual memory. Other scholars such as Susan Sontag criticize the concept of collective memory for its overlooking the differences  in individual memories and its resulting social determinism. Yet, paradoxically, both side of the debate rely on the essentialist binary of collectivism and individualism, overlooking the intersections and interactions of collective memory and individual memory. 

Key words:

collective memory, individual memory, Maurice Halbwachs, Aleida Assmann, literary genre, autobiographical writings