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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 114-124.

• 现当代文论与文化研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

从“政治人”到“自由人”：王蒙小说中“人”的变迁及其危机

沈杏培   

  1. 南京师范大学文学院
  • 出版日期:2022-02-22 发布日期:2022-02-22
  • 作者简介:沈杏培，文学博士，南京师范大学文学院教授，主要从事中国现当代文学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金项目“新世纪长篇小说的介入性与公共性研究”［项目编号： 17BZW165］、国家社科基金重大项目“社会主义文学经验和改革开放时代的中国文学研究”［项目编号： 19ZDA277］阶段性成果

From “Political Man” to “Free Man”: The Transformation of the Nature of Man in Wang Meng’s Fictions and Its Crisis

Shen Xingpei   

  1. School of Chinese Language and Literature, Nanjing Normal University
  • Online:2022-02-22 Published:2022-02-22
  • About author:Shen Xingpei, Ph.D., is a professor at the School of Chinese Language and Literature, Nanjing Normal University. His research interests include modern and contemporary Chinese literature.
  • Supported by:
    the National Social Science Fund (17BZW165)and Major Project of the National Social Science Fund (19ZDA277)

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摘要： 王蒙《青春万岁》（1953年）至《笑的风》（2020年）之间的小说写作，清晰地存在着一个关于人的“被缚”与“脱缚”的精神脉络，由郑波、林震、钟亦成、张思远、钱文、倪吾诚、青狐、苏尔葆、傅大成等构成的人物形象序列，隐含着由“政治人”到“自由人”的形象谱系历时性变迁，而在价值层面体现了由革命伦理和政治伦理本位向个体伦理和自由伦理的转化。王蒙式的“政治人”是一种单向度的人格类型，隐含了政治同化与自由冲动、个人与集体之间的尖锐对立。近作《生死恋》和《笑的风》中的苏尔葆、傅大成所代表的对自由执倔渴望并决绝行动的“自由人”，建构出了新的“人学”话语和新的价值向度。通过“自由人”的婚姻变故和人生悲喜剧，王蒙探讨了自由的代价、边界和困境。论文重在考察“政治人”到“自由人”的历时性转变过程，以及两类人格各自的文化特征与内在危机。

关键词: 王蒙, 政治人, 自由人, 主体

Abstract: A clear trajectory can be drawn from Wang Meng’s fictional characterization in his novels from his early representative Long Live Youth (1953) to The Laughing Wind (2020). The range of characters in his novels reflects the development from the bound spirit to the freed spirit. Underlying these characters is the historical transformation from the political man to the free man, and the value displayed is also transformed from a political revolution oriented ethic to an individual freedom oriented ethic. The political man in Wang Meng belongs to the onedimension personality type, with implicit dichotomies between political assimilation and freedom impulse and between individualism and collectivism. However, the heroes in his recent novels such as A Love of Life and Death and The Laughing Wind represent the free man who pursues freedom through determined action, and they configure a new discourse of his study of man with new dimension of values. Wang Meng investigates the price, boundaries and dilemmas of freedom through the mishaps in the marriage and life of the heroes. This article attempts to track the historical transformation of Wang Meng’s characters from “political man” to “free man” and to interpret the cultural characteristics and internal crisis within the historical background.

Key words: Wang Meng, political man, free man, subject