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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 96-105.

• 专题：近代教育与文学 • 上一篇    下一篇

民国初年初等学校教育的“文学”纠葛

李敏   

  1. 河北师范大学历史文化学院
  • 出版日期:2022-02-22 发布日期:2022-02-22
  • 作者简介:李敏，历史学博士，河北师范大学历史文化学院副教授，主要从事中国近代学术思想史研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省社科基金青年项目“清末民初莲池学人与‘文学’观念之构造”［项目编号： HB19LS011］阶段性成果

Disputes over the Concept of “Literary Study” in Pre-tertiary Education in the Early Years of the Republic of China

Li Min   

  1.  School of History and Culture at Hebei Normal University
  • Online:2022-02-22 Published:2022-02-22
  • About author:Li Min, Ph. D., is an associate professor in the School of History and Culture at Hebei Normal University. His research focuses on the history of modern Chinese academic thought.
  • Supported by:
    the Youth Project of Social Science Fund of Hebei Province (HB19LS011)

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摘要： 民初新式学校教育延续清末以日为师的整体趋势，“文学”观念受知识资源与教育理念等因素影响，呈现复杂的纠葛状态。小、中、师范等初等学校，定位于普通国民教育，不同人对“文学”的意涵、性质及取舍态度，有着截然不同的看法。新学制虽确定小学以上国文科以“涵养文学之兴趣”为要旨，但在实际教学中，在国文科与“文学”发生关联的同时，也有人质疑国民教育中“文学”的适用性。受西学影响而出现的《中国文学史》，在编撰体例、材料取舍上引发了极大的争议。这些问题正是19世纪以来，“文学”概念受不同知识资源影响，随时代而变化的特点在教科中的表现，影响着教育与学科的发展。

关键词: 壬子学制, 初等教育, 国文科, 文学, 《中国文学史》

Abstract: The new style schooling system in the early Republic of China continued to learn from Japan in the late Qing Dynasty, but various sources of influence from intellectual background and educational ideologies resulted in the complicated concept of literary study (wenxue). Although the pretertiary education, which comprised of primary school, junior high school and teacher training school, focused on the general education of the common people, the understanding of the concept “literary study” was varied in terms of its connation, nature and criteria for inclusion. The new educational system designated that the Chinese subject for pretertiary schools should aim at “cultivating interest in literary study (wenxue)”, but there were doubts about the pragmatic feasibility of literary study in national education when it was to be related with the study of the language. Hence a coursebook A History of Chinese Literature, primarily informed by Western learning, was developed but its method of compilation and selection of materials prompted great controversies. The issue behind the phenomenon involves the conceptualization of literary study as an educational discipline and how the study transforms over time in the context of new introduction of different intellectual resources since the 19th century.

Key words: Ancient Chinese Renzi educational system, pretertiary education, Chinese language as a school subject; , literary study; , A History of Chinese Literature