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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 189-197.

• 西方文论 • 上一篇    下一篇

将-来的书写：德里达的幽灵政治学探微

李昀   

  1. 华南理工大学外国语学院
  • 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-31
  • 作者简介:李昀，文学博士，华南理工大学外国语学院教授，主要从事当代西方文学理论、文学批评研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金项目“现实观照下国际难民文学的伦理学批评研究”[项目编号： 19BWW088]

Writing of Futurity: On Derrida’s Hauntology

Li Yun   

  1. School of Foreign Languages, South China University of Technology
  • Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-31
  • About author:Li Yun, Ph.D, is a professor in the School of Foreign Languages, South China University of Technology. Her area of academic specialty includes Western literary theory and criticism.
  • Supported by:
    National Social Sciences Fund (19BWW088)

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摘要： 如何回应他者的召唤，这是后列维纳斯伦理学面临的首要问题，德里达在《马克思的幽灵们》中给出了幽灵政治学的回答，认为“马克思”要求我们回应，在书写的革命中进入将-来。与学界通常的认识相反，《幽灵》并未推延“共产主义”的到来，而是强调共产主义的幽灵早已上场，从马克思说出幽灵开始，它就一直在欧洲徘徊，要求我们回应，我们必须对其作出回应，也一直有人在回应，只是它被资本主义再-现遮蔽了。德里达号召我们听从马克思的指令，继承其形而上学批判，展开非形而上学的书写，超越再-现/现在/在场的书写，在这种幽灵书写中进入将-来，一种不同于再-现生产的空间-时间的空时化。德里达并未把再-现普遍化，而是把其视为布尔乔亚的意义生产方式，资本主义意识形态，可以“历史地”超越，这让幽灵书写不同于朗西埃的“歧见”、南希的“独多性”和巴特勒的“讲述”。自此以后，他异的或文学的书写就是将-来的书写，对他者正义的书写。

关键词: 幽灵, 承诺, 将-来, 书写, 时间

Abstract: In Spectres of Marx, Jacques Derrida answers the post-Levinasian question: how to respond to the Other. He claims that The Communist Manifesto has become an injunction of Marx, who requires our response. We have to respond to it and speak, as Marx does, in a non-metaphysical way. Since it is beyond the economy of re-presentation, writing does not produce presence. Thus, everything in it is spectral. But it takes us into l'avenir or futurity, a "spacing (and) temporizing" different from the space-time produced by re-presentation, because it constitutes an "ethicality" which goes beyond the metaphysical subjective conquest of the object. Therefore, we have to await it and in the waiting encounter a new "future".

Key words: spectre, promise, (l')avenir, writing, temporality