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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 150-166.

• 西方文论 • 上一篇    下一篇

人皆认可的不实之事：对新历史主义与或然历史小说的比较研究

李锋，伊扎克·刘易斯   

  1. 上海外国语大学犹太研究所；昆山杜克大学
  • 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-31
  • 作者简介:李锋，上海外国语大学犹太研究所教授，研究方向为英美文学、犹太文学、文学理论。 伊扎克·刘易斯，哥伦比亚大学博士，昆山杜克大学人文科学助理教授，研究方向为比较文学、文学理论、世界文学。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金项目“当代美国或然历史小说研究（1945—2015）”[项目编号： 17BWW083]

Fables Agreed Upon: A Comparative Study of New Historicism and Alternate History

Li Feng, Yitzhak Lewis   

  1. Shanghai International Studies University; Duke Kunshan University
  • Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-31
  • About author:Li Feng, Ph.D., is Professor at Shanghai International Studies University, with research interests in British and American Literature, Jewish Literature, and literary theory. Yitzhak Lewis, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Humanities at Duke Kunshan University, with research interests in comparative literature, literary theory and world literature.
  • Supported by:
    Project of the National Social Science Fund of China (No.17BWW083).

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摘要： 新历史主义与或然历史小说在历史观念和意识形态上提出了相似问题——新历史主义将一切文本视为某种或然历史叙事，而或然历史中的叙事模式可以激发我们深入理解那些由新历史主义推动的批评观念。本文对两者的历史叙事观念进行比较研究，包括其历史的互文性、叙事性、非线性结构和空间性，同时试图在该批评理论和该文学体裁之间建立一种对话关系，探索两者对凡人俗事的关注，对当下的暗指和对未来的投想，及其各自的意义与问题。新历史主义与或然历史小说都强调历史与当下的互动，并将“历史时间”置于同时代的各种指涉关系中予以概念化处理，两者协力突显了历史叙事的诗学结构，并为我们领会历史话语的美学维度增添了政治意义。这一比较研究的目的，是对文学与批评的界线提出质疑。在重新认识或然历史的基础上，本文力图为文学与历史的相关问题指出一条通向“后后结构主义”立场的有效路径。

关键词: 新历史主义, 或然历史, 互文性, 非线性叙事, 空间叙事, 对话主义

Abstract:

New Historicism and alternate history raise similar questions regarding history and ideology. New Historicism reads every text as an alternate history narrative, while the narrative mode in alternate history can inspire a nuanced understanding of the critical positions promoted by New Historicism. The paper offers a comparative study of the two in terms of their conceptualizations of historical narrative, intertextuality, narrativity, nonlinear structure and spatiality. It seeks to create dialogues between different voices in both the critical theory and the literary genre with respect to their attention to mundane matters, their allusions to the present and projections of the future, as well as their significance and problems. Through their shared emphasis on the interaction between history and present, and their conceptualization of “historical time” in relation to contemporary webs of signification, New Historicism and alternate history come together to highlight the poetic structures of historical narrative and politicize our appreciation for the aesthetic dimension of historical discourse. The goal of this comparison is to problematize the division between literature and criticism. Reconceptualizing alternate history, the paper attempts to point the way towards a "post-poststructural" position on issues of literature and history.

Key words: New Historicism, alternate history, intertextuality, nonlinear narrative, spatial narrative, dialogism