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文艺理论研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 191-200.

• 西方文论与美学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

“非自觉记忆”:被重构的时间——论德勒兹的时间观

吴娱玉   

  1. 华东师范大学中文系

  • 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-26
  • 作者简介:吴娱玉,文学博士,华东师范大学中文系副教授,主要从事当代法国文学理论与美学研究。

Reconstructed Time: Gilles Deleuze’s View of Time Based on “Involuntary Memory”

Wu Yuyu   

  1. Department of Chinese Language and Literature, East China Normal University

  • Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-26
  • About author:Wu Yuyu, Ph. D., is an associate professor at the Department of Chinese Language and Literature, East China Normal University. Her research interests include contemporary French literary theory and aesthetics.

摘要:

《追忆似水年华》中“非自觉记忆”的时间观颠覆了传统的时间秩序,但德勒兹认为它依然需要物质刺激和中介勾连,而只有艺术才抵达一种原初的、纯粹的时间。这一论述背后潜藏着德勒兹的独特时间观与认知模式。他讨论了三种时间类型,一、传统思维模式通过静态切分将时间定义为均质化、可计量、不间断的线性连续体;二、基于柏格森“绵延”理论提出:时间是由不同方向的瞬间组成的集合体,因而,时间是有厚度、复数的网络状态,无数差异的瞬间内于彼此又异于彼此,并潜在地共存着;三、基于尼采的“永恒回归”理论提出:艺术时间呈现一种复杂的、像星云一般的永远偏离圆心的、差异的、匿名的永恒回归形式,这种新的时间类型是对本质主义、二元对立、同一性、以及主体的解构,对被压抑、被同化的部分的打捞,对新的价值体系的召唤。

关键词:

非自觉记忆, 德勒兹, 《追忆似水年华》, 时间

Abstract:

Gilles Deleuze thinks that Marcel Proust’s “involuntary memory” subverts the traditional time order, but it still needs material stimulation and intermediary connection, and only art can reach original and pure time. Behind this discussion lies Deleuze’s unique view of time and cognitive mode. He discusses three types of time. First, traditional thinking divides time statically into homogeneous, quantifiable and uninterrupted linear continuum. Second, based on Henri Bergson’s “duration” theory, time is a moment with thickness and complexity, where numerous transients, inside of and different from each other, potentially coexist. Third, based on Friedrich Nietzsche’s “eternal recurrence” theory, artistic time reflects a more complex, secret, rotating, nebular, different and anonymous return to the center of the circle. This new kind of time deconstructs essentialism, dualism, identity and the subject, appeals for the salvage of the suppressed and assimilated, and anticipates a new value system.

Key words:

involuntary memory, Gilles Deleuze, In Search of Lost Time, time