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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 185-193.

• 专题：文艺美学问题研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

巴赫金与列维纳斯他者伦理学比较及其美学意义

毕晓   

  1. 西安电子科技大学人文学院

  • 出版日期:2021-11-25 发布日期:2021-12-16
  • 作者简介:毕晓，法学博士，西安电子科技大学人文学院讲师，主要从事西方思想史与世界文学研究。
  • 基金资助:

    上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“曙光计划”资助项目“列维纳斯之后的西方伦理批评研究”［项目编号： 20SG25］

A Comparison between Bakhtin’s and Levinas’ Ethics of the Other and Its Aesthetic Significance

Bi Xiao   

  1. the School of Humanities and Arts, Xidian University

  • Online:2021-11-25 Published:2021-12-16
  • About author:Bi Xiao, J.D., is a lecturer in the School of Humanities and Arts, Xidian University. His area of academic specialty includes Western intellectual history and world literature.
  • Supported by:

    Shuguang Project of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (20SG25)

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摘要：

巴赫金在第一部著作《论行动哲学》（又译《论行为哲学》）中开创了一种责任伦理学，这种伦理学继承自胡塞尔的现象学论题，与胡塞尔的弟子列维纳斯的理论产生了一种隐匿的对话关系，二人相关理论的集合可被视为他者伦理学的完备表述。在此基础上，巴赫金对他者伦理学进行了一种审美化改写，将伦理学中的“自我-他者”关系转化为了美学思想中的“作者-主人公”关系，创建了一种内含伦理维度的美学。与此同时，这种伦理性美学又与列维纳斯的文艺思想产生了互文关系，促进了二人相关思想在文艺美学领域的进一步互通。通过展现巴赫金与列维纳斯的伦理学会通以及基于这种伦理学的审美转化过程，人们得以发现文艺作品伦理性与审美性的双重取向： 既有助于人们全面理解文艺作品所内含的伦理与审美双重取向，又使人们能够获取文艺作品伦理价值与审美价值的社会功用，进而得以对人类社会生活的双重取向进行一种审思。

关键词:

巴赫金； , 列维纳斯； 伦理； 审美； 自我-他者； 作者-主人公

Abstract:

Mikhail Bakhtin inaugurates a kind of ethics of responsibility in his first book Toward a Philosophy of the Act. It is informed by Husserl’s phenomenological propositions, and it engages a hidden dialogue with Levinas’ theory. It may be argued that Bakhtin and Levinas combined to present a comprehensive articulation of the ethics of the Other. Bakhtin rewrites the ethics of the Other and constructs an aesthetics marked by ethical issues through such approaches as transforming the ethical relation of “I-Other” into the aesthetic relation of “author-hero”. Such ethical aesthetics is intertextually connected to Levinas’ theory about literature and art, which further promotes the communication between Bakhtin’s and Levinas’ literary aesthetics. By referring to the communication between their theories about ethics and the aestheticization of ethics, readers become aware of the dual engagement of ethicality and aestheticality in literary and artistic works. It helps people understand comprehensively the ethics and aesthetics in literary and artistic works. Moreover, it enables the ethical and aesthetic value to fulfil their social functions so that people can reflect upon the two trends in humans’ social life.

Key words:

Mikhail Bakhtin; Emmanuel Levinas; ethics; aesthetics; I-Other, author-hero