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文艺理论研究

文艺理论研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 177-188.

• 西方文论 • 上一篇    下一篇

后结构理论与中国女性主义批评——以社会主义文化研究中的妇女“主体性”为中心

刘希   

  1. 西交利物浦大学中国研究系
  • 出版日期:2021-01-25 发布日期:2021-01-31
  • 作者简介:刘希，文学博士，西交利物浦大学中国研究系助理教授，主要从事中国现当代文学研究。

Post-Structural Theories and Chinese Feminist Criticism: On the Theorization of Women's “Subjectivity” in the Cultural Studies of Socialist China

Liu Xi   

  1. Department of China Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
  • Online:2021-01-25 Published:2021-01-31
  • About author:Liu Xi, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at the Department of China Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University. Her main research field is modern and contemporary Chinese literature.

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摘要： 本文首先以“主体性”概念为中心，梳理后结构理论对西方女性主义的影响和两种理论间的复杂关系，然后转向20世纪80年代以来对中国社会主义时期性别文化的研究，探讨妇女“主体性”概念和研究范式在中国妇女和性别研究领域的发展历程。本文以三个在“主体性”观念上对此领域影响较大的理论家阿尔都塞、福柯和朱迪斯·巴特勒为例，试图呈现后结构理论与当代中国女性主义批评的复杂谱系：有从自由主义女性主义立场对后结构理论的运用，有后结构主义女性主义视角下“去本质化”和历史化的批评实践，也有从历史唯物主义立场对后结构理论的反思和批评。这个过程反映了20世纪80年代以来西方批判理论对中国人文和社会学科的冲击，也反映了意识形态和社会话语的变迁对研究范式的影响。

关键词: 后结构理论, 女性主义批评, “主体性”

Abstract: Centering on the conceptualization of “subjectivity,” this article first traces the post-structural theories’ impact on as well as their complex relationship with Western feminism. It then explores the development of the theorization of “women’s subjectivity” in academic research on Chinese women and gender discourses in socialist China from the 1980s. By examining the application of three influential theorists, Louis Althusser, Michel Foucault, and Judith Butler, in the Chinese context, this article intends to show the complex genealogy of “appropriating” post-structural theories for different agendas of contemporary Chinese feminist criticism. Some scholars integrated post-structural ideas into liberal-humanist discourses; some employed post-structuralist feminism to de-essentialize and historicize the analysis of “subjectivity” and “agency” of socialist Chinese women; some questioned the effectiveness of post-structural theories in studying the Chinese socialist culture from the perspective of historical materialism. Different research paradigms of theorizing “female subjectivity” have proven to be influenced and informed by the changing ideologies and social discourses in China since the 1980s.

Key words: post-structural theories, feminist criticism, “subjectivity”