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文艺理论研究 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 104-129.

• 古代文论与古代文学的理论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

戏曲写作与戏曲体演变——古代戏曲史一个冷视角探论

李昌集   

  1. 江苏师范大学文学院
  • 出版日期:2014-11-25 发布日期:2014-12-07
  • 作者简介:李昌集,江苏师范大学文学院特聘教授、博士生导师,主要从事中国古代音乐文学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    本文为国家社科基金重大招标项目“中国诗词曲源流史”[项目编号:11ZD&105]子项目“诗词曲源流史通论”的阶段性成果。

Chinese Drama Writing and the Evolution of the Drama Genre

Li Changji   

  1. Jiangsu Normal University (Xuzhou 221116, China)
  • Online:2014-11-25 Published:2014-12-07
  • About author:Li Changji is a professor in Jiangsu Normal University (Xuzhou 221116, China), with research focuses on Chinese ancient music literature.

摘要: 古代戏曲写作与文体意义上的戏曲体研究,至今仍是戏曲研究中的一个冷视角。本文从戏曲写作的角度,对古代戏曲体予以发生学和类型学研究,提出中国古代成熟的戏曲形态,是通过文人戏曲写作整合市井伎艺生成的;从叙述方式和叙述结构的角度,分析南宋至元“戏文体”、杂剧“关目体”和明清“传奇体”的基本特征;将古代戏曲体大致分为两种基本文体类型:其一是基于传奇思维的“传奇体”;其二是基于“诗性思维”的“诗剧”体,古代戏曲体的大框架乃是一种“剧”与“诗”的“复合体”;古代戏曲体的生成和演变,是在文人戏曲写作与表演方式的同构中发生完成的。古代戏曲体雅俗复合的深层底蕴是雅俗文化的符合,是古代戏曲研究中值得深入展开的课题。

关键词: 戏曲写作, 戏曲体, 演变, 雅俗复合

Abstract: The researches on Chinese drama style and the drama writing have much to be desired in the scholarship on ancient Chinese drama studies. This paper approaches the genre of Chinese drama from the perspectives of genetic and typological relationships, and it proposes that Chinese ancient drama form matures as the result of literati's integrating folk arts into the drama writing. In terms of narrative methods and structure, the paper analyzes the essential features of drama-prose style (xiwen) from the Southern Song to Yuan Dynasties, the plot-content style (guanmu) in the variety drama (zaju) and the legend style (chuanqi) in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The different styles of drama texts are divided into two genres. One is the legend genre which is written as a legend, while the other genre is poetic drama which is written with a poetic thinking. Chinese ancient drama texts are a combination of dramatic plot with poetry, which gradually mature through the collaboration between literati's writing and the performance practice.

Key words: drama writing, drama style, evolution, integration of the refined and the popular